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When antibodies initiate complement fixations the actual mechanism of pathogen cell death is cell lysis caused by a?
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∙ 12y ago
phagocyte
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∙ 12y ago
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Which antibodies initiate allergic reaction?
IgE GROUP
How do antibodies work?
Function Since antibodies exist freely in the bloodstream, they are said to be part of the humoral immune system. Circulating antibodies are produced by clonal B cells that specifically respond to only one antigen (an example is a virus capsid protein fragment) . Antibodies contribute to immunity in three main ways: they can prevent pathogens from entering or damaging cells by binding to them; they can stimulate removal of a pathogen by macrophages and other cells by coating the pathogen; and they can trigger direct pathogen destruction by stimulating other immune responses such as the complement pathway. Antibodies that bind to surface antigens on, for example a bacterium, attract the first component of the complement cascade with their Fc region and initiate activation of the "classical" complement system. This results in the killing of bacteria in two ways. First, the binding of the antibody and complement molecules marks the microbe for ingestion by phagocytes in a process called opsonization; these phagocytes are attracted by certain complement molecules generated in the complement cascade. Secondly, some complement system components form a membrane attack complex to assist antibodies to kill the bacterium directly. To combat pathogens that replicate outside cells, antibodies bind to pathogens to link them together, causing them to agglutinate. Since an antibody has at least two paratopes it can bind more than one antigen by binding identical epitopes carried on the surfaces of these antigens. By coating the pathogen, antibodies stimulate effector functions against the pathogen in cells that recognize their Fc region. Those cells which recognize coated pathogens have Fc receptors which, as the name suggests, interacts with the Fc region of IgA, IgG, and IgE antibodies. The engagement of a particular antibody with the Fc receptor on a particular cell triggers an effector function of that cell; phagocytes will phagocytose, mast cells and neutrophils will degranulate, natural killer cells will release cytokines and cytotoxic molecules; that will ultimately result in destruction of the invading microbe. The Fc receptors are isotype-specific, which gives greater flexibility to the immune system, invoking only the appropriate immune mechanisms for distinct pathogens.
Which of the following initiates an attack against a specific antigen or pathogen?
Plasma Cell initiate attacks against specific antigens. Plasma cells are B cells bearing specific antibodies for binding to a specific antigen.
What immunoglobulin is the most common in blood and initiates the complement cascade?
Both IgG and IgM initiates complement. IgG is far more abundant in the body however this does not necessarily means that it initiates complement more. IgM is the 1st immunoglobulin that responds to a foreign antigen as part of the body's hormonal response. So to answer the question directly, neither immunoglobulin initiate the complement cascade more than the other. Some research seems to indicated that there is no significant difference in ability to bind complement between IgG and IgM via the classical pathway in humans.
Describe what can happen to an antigen when it enter the body?
Antibodies do not "get in to your body" from an external source. When your body's immune system (your bodies way of defending and protecting itself against pathogens and disease) thinks that there is something in your body that might hurt you (a virus or bacteria) it forms antibodies to attack the "foreign" object. So, Antibodies are actually formed by your own body and not introduced from outside of it. Hope that helps!
Can you give a sentence with the word initiate?
The council is prepared to initiate our latest initiate. "Initiate sequence!", shouted the Mission Commander.
Initiate is to begin as to terminate is to what?
To initiate is to begin as to terminate is to end.
Can you give me a sentence for the word initiate?
The DA decided to initiate an investigation.
How you contact or initiate communications with customers?
how do you contact or initiate communications with customers?
Can you put initiate in a sentence?
I initiated a conversation. (Initiate means to start.)
Which component of an IED creates an electrical charge?
The component of an IED that creates an electrical charge is typically a battery or power source. This electrical charge is used to initiate the explosive material or trigger the detonation mechanism of the IED.
How do you use the word initiate in?
He has a crush on her, but he's too shy to initiate a conversation. The girl scouts have a ceremony to initiate new troop members.
