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lactic acid fermentation. (produces lactate and is only about 100th as efficient as cellular respiration)
No, lactate and ethanol are two possible products of glycolysis in anaerobic conditions. Some organisms produce lactate, some produce ethanol. You, for example, produce lactate. Yeast produces ethanol.
some bacteria,Animal cells also carry out lactic acid fermentation when oxygen supply is insufficient
Cellular respiration and fermentation both produce ATP - which is a form of energy that cells can use.
Fermentation regenerates NDA+ so that glycolysis can continue.
lactic acid fermentation. (produces lactate and is only about 100th as efficient as cellular respiration)
Fermentation in muscle cells produces lactic acid. This happens when you have overworked your muscles, which can happen during exercise.
lactic acid fermentation. (produces lactate and is only about 100th as efficient as cellular respiration)
No, lactate and ethanol are two possible products of glycolysis in anaerobic conditions. Some organisms produce lactate, some produce ethanol. You, for example, produce lactate. Yeast produces ethanol.
some bacteria,Animal cells also carry out lactic acid fermentation when oxygen supply is insufficient
Cells that do not require oxygen go through anaerobic respiration, which is a form of cellular respiration that uses fermentation to turn energy into useful energy. There are two types of anaerobic respiration, lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. Muscle cells do this when they run out of oxygen and go through fermentation instead. The product of this type of fermentation from muscle cells is lactic acid. Lactic acid is toxic and causes soreness and fatigue. Anybody who has been sore after exercise has experienced lactic acid fermentation.
Both alcohol and lactate fermentation enable cells to produce ATP without using oxygen; they are the anaerobic (lacking in oxygen) alternative to cellular respiration. This is because they are extensions of glycolysis that can generate ATP solely by substrate-level phosphorylation, specifically by regenerating NAD+ by transferring electrons from NADH to pyruvate or pyruvate derivatives. NAD+ can then be reused in glycolysis to oxidize sugar. Remember that glycolysis uses two net molecules of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.Lactate fermentation, also known as lactic acid fermentation, occurs when NADH reduces pyruvate directly to form lactate as an end product, hence the name "lactate fermentation." More specifically, if one glucose molecule goes through glycolysis, 2 net ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules are produced and 2 NAD+ molecules are consumed. 2 NADH molecules and 2 H+ come and reduce the 2 pyruvate molecules, forming 2 lactate molecules and 2 NAD+. The 2 NAD+ molecules are then reused in glycolysis, enabling the cell to produce ATP even in the absence of oxygen. Lactate fermentation is used by some fungi and bacteria as well as in the dairy industry to produce yogurt in cheese. Another fun fact about lactate fermentation is that human muscle cells use lactate fermentation to make ATP when oxygen is scarce, such as during strenuous exercise. The resulting accumulation of lactate is partly what causes the muscle fatigue and pain that can result from exercise. But don't worry, the blood carries away the lactate to the liver where the lactate is converted back to pyruvate.Alcohol fermentation occurs when pyruvate is first converted to acetaldehyde, a 2-carbon compound, through the release of carbon dioxide from the pyruvate. Then, NADH reduces the acetaldehyde to ethanol. A more detailed look shows us that just like lactate fermentation, glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate from one glucose molecule. However, unlike lactate fermentation, each pyruvate molecule releases a carbon dioxide, resulting in 2 carbon dioxide molecules and 2 acetaldehyde molecules (acetaldehyde = pyruvate - carbon dioxide). Then, similar to lactate fermentation 2 NADH and 2 H+ reduce the 2 acetaldehyde molecules, forming 2 ethanol molecules and 2 NAD+ and regenerating the supply of NAD+ needed to continue glycolysis. Alcohol fermentation is often used in bacteria in anaerobic conditions as well as in yeast. Interestingly, the carbon dioxide that is released in alcohol fermentation generated by a baker's yeast is what allows the bread to rise!
carbon dioxide and ethanol
Lactic acid
Cellular respiration and fermentation both produce ATP - which is a form of energy that cells can use.
Lactic acid fermentation happens when cells convert sugars, when oxygen is in short supply or not present, into lactate. It is done by bacteria, yeast, an animal muscle cells. Lactic acid fermentation is important for the production of yogurt, kefir, most cheeses, sauerkraut, kimchi, fermented pickles, and some types of beer, such as Berliner Weiss Bier.
Carbon dioxide