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Military events on September 14, 1862 cause General Lee to almost abort his raid into Maryland. He is at a great disadvantage with the enemy having the details of his divided armies. This, combined with a severe defeat of his forces at Turner's Gap, forces Lee to plan a rapid retreat back to Virginia. However, when Lee learns on September 15, that generals Jackson and McLaws have defeated Union forces at Harper's Ferry, he decides to stand and fight.
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What major error did Confederate General Robert E. Lee make as he began his raid into Maryland?
When General Robert E. Lee began his 1862 raid into Maryland, he failed to check on the Union garrison at Harper's Ferry. Because of this, his operations in Maryland were delayed until a portion of his army was sent to capture the federal arsenal.
What was the supply line plans of Confederate General Robert E. Lee for his raid on Maryland?
Because the plans of Confederate General Robert E. Lee were to remain in Maryland through the Fall of 1862, he needed a line of supply inasmuch as he was far away from Virginia. The supply line would also be a communications line as well. Supplies he knew he would need were ammunition, clothing, salt and sugar. His plan was to use a supply wagon route that began at Winchester, Virginia, through Harper's Ferry and then in to Maryland.
How did General George B McClellan approach the problem of General Lee's raid into Maryland in 1862?
Upon learning of the raid into Maryland by General Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia, Major General George B. McClellan knew he was facing a challenge from the South's best general and its best army. With that in mind, McClellan began to follow the Confederates slowly, making sure that Washington DC and Baltimore, Maryland were secure. He also needed time to reorganize his Army of the Potomac in order to meet Lee's challenge.
When did Stonewall Jackson occupy Frederick Maryland?
Stonewall Jackson's infantry occupied Frederick, Maryland on September 6, 1862. Soon after he was joined by General James Longstreet. This town played a big role in Lee's raid into Maryland.
When did General Lee seriously consider to abandon his raid into Maryland in 1862?
On September 14, 1862, General Lee was seriously planning for a retreat from Maryland and move back into Virginia. He considered this because the force he sent to capture Harper's Ferry had yet to complete that order. Also, the Army of the Potomac had inflicted severe casualties on the Confederates at Turner's Gap on South Mountain.
Where did Confederate General Samuel Garland receive his military education?
Confederate General Samuel Garland received his military education at VMI. He graduated on July 4, 1849. He ranked third in a class of 24. He was killed in action during the raid into Maryland in 1862. He was 32 years old.
When did Grey's raid happen?
Grey's Raid, also known as Grey's Great Raid, occurred in early October of 1864 during the American Civil War. Led by Confederate General John S. Mosby and his Rangers, the raid targeted Union General Philip Sheridan's supply lines in the Shenandoah Valley.
What were the failures of Lee's US Civil War raid into Maryland?
Being forced to leave Maryland before the US 1862 off-year elections in the North, was a political defeat for Lee and the Confederacy. With that said, Lee's post Maryland raid, and his retreat, kept one of his military objectives intact. That being able to remain close to the south side of the Potomac River. There he was resupplied and remained a threat in that he was still on the flank of any Union advances into Virginia. As his army was still a viable force, his ability, if chosen to do so, would allow him to raid Maryland again.
What did Confederate General Lee do to protect his supplies when the Union learned of his plans to divide his army in Maryland?
When Confederate General Robert E. Lee learned that the Union had recovered his orders to divide his army into three parts, Lee knew his raid into Maryland was in trouble. He took several defensive measures with troop movements, however, he understood that the results of his measures were uncertain to say the least. With that said, Lee believed it was necessary to protect his supplies that were in his army's slow moving wagon trains. He therefore sent his reserve supplies and reserve artillery back to Virginia via the road that ran from Hagerstown Maryland to Williamsport Virginia.The loss of reserve artillery would impact his upcoming battle at Sharpsburg, but he had no choice but to to be cautious.
What caused Confederate General Robert E. Lee to consider leaving Maryland without a major battle?
In the days before the Battle of Antietam in Maryland, events in Virginia gave General Lee the idea that he should break off his raid into Maryland and return to Virginia. This was because he believed that his lines of supply and communication with Richmond would be in danger from the Union garrison at Harper's Ferry. He did not expect that Union troops would be garrisoned there and sent General Stonewall Jackson to reduce the Union's position there. As he not heard of success or failure of Jackson's expedition, he was going to retreat. Soon afterwards, however, he learned that Harper's Ferry was in Confederate hands and forces under Stonewall Jackson were moving north to reinforce Lee's position in Maryland. With that knowledge he remained in Maryland.
What newspaper reporter gave fair credit to General George B McClellan for the Battle of Antietam?
New York Tribune news reporter George Smalley was present at the US Civil War Battle of Antietam. His report appeared on the pages of the New York Tribune and did make some critical remarks concerning General George B. McClellan's tactics, however, on an overall basis Smalley gave the general fair credit for turning back Lee's raid into Maryland.
What did Union General Henry Wager Halleck believe would be the result of General John Pope's loss at the second Battle of Bull Run?
Henry Wager Halleck had been appointed to the position once held by George B. McClellan and Winfield Scott, that being the General in Chief of the Union army. He had always been noted as a brilliant military mind, although lacking in battlefield savvy. Halleck was of course familiar with Robert E. Lee, and never underestimated Lee as battlefield leader with a great military mind.Halleck quickly anticipated Lee's next move after his victory at Bull Run. He is quoted as stating that Lee's next move would be to cross the Potomac River and make a raid into Maryland or Pennsylvania. Coincidently, Halleck had made this prediction on the same day that Lee had written to Jefferson Davis of his plans. Here's where it can be pointed out that not all great military minds always think alike. This was demonstrated in 1863 when James Longstreet disagreed with Lee on July 3rd at Gettysburg. Needless to say, Halleck was puzzled at what the benefits would be to Lee by a raid into the North. This takes into account that Halleck understood that Lee was conducting a raid, not an invasion. Halleck's conclusion was a viable one and one that Lee knew he was incapable of doing. Halleck believed that Lee was feinting the raid into Maryland to draw McClellan north to meet Lee but Lee would slip past the Army of the Potomac and raid Washington DC. Looking back, Lee knew he was lacking the artillery to raid Washington DC, however, with that said, and the power of 20-20 hindsight, the Confederate forces sent to capture Harper'd Ferry could have moved north towards Washington and with Lee running past McClellan in Maryland could have attacked the city from two separate directions. As it has been recorded, The North was subject to panic. This was demonstrated by the panic started by one ironclad at Hampton Roads, and later in 1864, the panic caused by the "almost" raid on Washington by Confederate General Early.
