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The first Englishman to explore Australia was Captain William Dampier, an English pirate and sea explorer. He saw the western coast of Australia, first in 1688, and then a decade later. Dampier was unimpressed with the dry barrenness of the northwest coast, and claimed that the indigenous people were "the miserablest people in the world". It was Dampier's negative report which put off further British interest in the Australian continent for almost another 100 years.

Lieutenant James Cook charted and officially claimed the eastern coast of Australia for Britain in 1770.

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