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Gingivitis is distinguished from periodontal disease (periodontitis) by the lack of periodontal attachment loss (PAL).

PAL is determined by measuring the depth of the space between the tooth and gum (sulcus) with a dental probe, and by measuring the distance from the depth of the sulcus to the cemento-enamel junction, the point dividing the clinical crown from the root of the tooth. A probe depth of 3mm or less is typically considered to be normal. The deeper the depth, the more advanced the periodontitis.

Gingivitis is simply inflamed gums with no loss of periodontal attachment. Once there is measurable loss of attachment, it is called periodontitis.

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