When you don't have gravitational interaction between objects.
-- The size (strength, magnitude) of gravitational force can be anything more than zero. -- The direction of gravitational force is always in both directions between the centers of two masses, attracting them toward each other. -- The distance of gravitational force can be anything more than zero. There is no limit, and the force between two masses is never zero, no matter how far apart they are.
The force of gravitational attraction between two masses is never zero. There is a force of gravitational attraction between a hair on your head and the smallest moon in the farthest galaxy. The force may be too small to measure, but it's never zero.
Because there is no range limit on the gravitational force, the gravitational force of the earth is only zero in the exact centre of the earth, where it cancels itself out. Realistically, the force is so small outside the immediate vicinity of earth, that it may as well be zero.
Gravitation can't be cancelled or shielded. You can have the appearance of zero gravitational force when you are in free fall. Without going into outer space, this can be maintained for a few seconds at most.
The fact that he is orbiting means he is being held by the gravitational force of the Earth. If not for that, he would be headed out of the solar system.
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The gravitational force inside a hollow sphere is zero. In a non-hollow sphere of uniform composition, the gravitational force varies inversely with the distance from the center.
When the direction of the vector is vertical. Gravitational force has zero horizontal component.
you would weigh nothing
For any object that has mass, there is no place on the surface of the Earth where the gravitational force on the object is zero.
No. Gravitational force is directed DOWNward. The weight of the displaced fluid is another force, directed UPward. If they happen to be equal, then the net force on the object is zero and it floats. But they don't have to be equal.
No. The gravitational force of the earth can be effectively cancelled out by some object, such as the moon, which pulls in the opposite direction, but it does not go to zero just because of the distance at any point.