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The apparent passage of one celestial body across the disc of another one for an observer is called a transit. If the transiting body hides a significant portion of the one behind, it is called an occultation or eclipse.
Technically yes, it is.It fills the criterion of being a celestial body that orbits another celestial body but ,you know, the term is usually reserved for things with less idiosyncratic orbits.
No, a supernova is an explosion of a star. What left of a supernova are celestial bodies.
A Comet
albedo
An eclipse is when one celestial body blocks another from sight: the moon gets in between the Earth and the Sun.
A large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light is called a star.
satellite
chapter 9
A large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light is called a star.
Sun
Sun
Magnitude
The definition for the word eclipse is "an obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination."
The Sun is the celestial body producing most of the light on Earth. If we had the ability to capture all the light striking Earth, every human on the planet would have enough power to operate a 4,000 kW lamp.
A star.
An object launched to orbit Earth or another celestial body.