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When using a venturi mask does the flow make a difference in the FIO2?
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What is endosmotic flow in elctrophoresis?
the endosmotic flow its the flow of fluid trough a fluid conduit powered by an electric potetial difference. (see more in wikipedia or similar)
What is the difference between a fluid and a paste?
A paste is a semi solid mixture which may flow slowly...a fluid is a substance that can flow, has no fixed shape and offers little resistance to external stress.
What is the minimum oxygen flow when using a non rebreather face mask?
10 - 15 liters per minute
Osmosis always involves what?
Osmosis refers to the flow of water along the water potential through a selectively/differentially permeable membrane/tubing due to a difference in water potential. Thus, it always involves 1) a selectively/differentially permeable membrane 2) difference in water potential(related to concentration gradient) 3)flow of water.
What happen to the color of the pin when heated?
Surface flow visualization using the thermal wakes of small heated spots.a surface flow visualization technique which uses the thermal wakes of an array of small heated spots to infer the local flow direction. The thermal wake is made visible using wide band thermochromic liquid crystals. The technique is illustrated using the endwall flow under a horseshoe vortex at the base of a right circular cylinder in a turbulent boundary layer. Comparisons to results generated using the oil of wintergreen technique were in good agreement. In addition to surface flow direction, the technique has the potential to be used to measure the heat transfer coefficient at each spot. Data are presented in terms of photographs of the actual visualization surface. The techniques is suitable for low speed flows. rakesh 9980698556
When do you use a rebreather mask?
The venturi mask, also known as an air-entrainment mask, is a medical device to deliver a known oxygen concentration to patients on controlled oxygen therapy. Venturi masks are considered high-flow oxygen therapy devices. This is because venturi masks are able to provide total inspiratory flow at a specified FIO2 to patients therapy. The kits usually include multiple jets in order to set the desired FIO2 which are usually color coded. The color of the device reflects the delivered oxygen concentration, for example: blue = 24%; yellow = 28%; white = 31%; green = 35%; pink = 40%; orange = 50%. The color however varies with different brands and the user must check the instructions to determine the correct color for the desired FIO2.
How many liters of oxygen is 30 percent?
Each litre is equivelant to approximately 3%. 35% Oxygen is about 5 litresThis math here is only correct if you are using a nasal cannula to deliver the oxygen. Respiratory therapy only uses this as an estimate since the cannula isn't the most effective oxygen delivery system but is the most comfortable for a patient.21% Fio2 is room Air, that is we breath in normally, for anyone without any supplemental Oxygen.The first 1 liter is 3%Fio2, which is 21% +3% =24%Fio2, thereafter it is 4% to each liter flow of oxygenFirst liter of Oxygen which is 1Lpm =3% + 21%(Room Air) Total = 24% Fio2 Add 4% for each liter flow there 2Lpm= 28% Fio23Lpm= 32% Fio2Save4Lpm= 36% Fio25Lpm= 40% Fio26Lpm= 44% Fio2For a Venturi Mask which is more effective especially for patients with COPD the Fio2 settings are as follows:White cap:35% FiO2 set lpm at 940% FiO2 set lpm at 1250% FiO2 set lpm at 15Green cap:24% FiO2 set lpm at 3lpm26% FiO2 set lpm at 3lpm28% FiO2 set lpm at 6lpm30% FiO2 set lpm at 6 lpm
Fluid mechanics in venturi meter?
Venturi Meter is a device used for measuring the flow of the fluid.
What is Working principle of venturi tube?
Venturi tube is used to for flow measurement. It work on the principle of Bernoulli Equation.
Whendo you use the different oxygen delivery devices as a nurse?
It depends on how much FiO2 you want to deliver and what the patient will tolerate. For most patients a nasal cannula will be sufficient at 1-6 L/M. The FiO2 will go up 4% with each liter of flow, so 1 L/M = 24%, 2 L/M = 28% up to 6 L/M = 44%. If you need more than that then you can try a venturi mask, which will give a precise FiO2 of 28-55%, or a non-rebreather which gives up to 95%. If you do use a simple mask, which I don't recommend because people don't seem to understand them, make sure the flow is at least 5-10 L/M. A simple mask will deliver about 35-50% FiO2. However, running a simple mask at less than 5 L/M will not provide enough flow of oxygen to clear the mask of CO2 so your patient will be rebreathing their CO2.
What is venturi meter?
Measuring flow of a fluid based on Bernoulli's principle.
How do you spell the plural of venturi?
The plural is venturis (constricted tubes for measurement or flow control).
What are the minimum and maximum liter flow for a nasal cannula?
10 Liters is most manufacturer's recommended maximum
A power loss occurs when you apply carburetor heat because?
The flow of air in the carburetor venturi is restricted.
What is the purpose of the venturi?
The purpose of a Venturi clip in a char-broil grill is to control the flow of oxygen that mixes with the fuel. This allows for the adjustment of temperature variations that may be due to an excessive amount of oxygen in the mixture.
What is the purpose of a venturi?
The purpose of a Venturi clip in a char-broil grill is to control the flow of oxygen that mixes with the fuel. This allows for the adjustment of temperature variations that may be due to an excessive amount of oxygen in the mixture.
Working principle of venturi meter?
The differential producing flowmeter or Venturi has a long history of uses in many applications. Due to its simplicity and dependability, the Venturi is among the most common flowmeters. With no moving parts or abrupt flow restrictions, the Venturi can measure fluid flowrates with a minimal total pressure loss.The principle behind the operation of the Venturi flowmeter is the Bernoulli effect. The Venturi measures a fluid's flowrate by reducing the cross sectional flow area in the flow path and generating a pressure difference. After the pressure difference is generated, the fluid is passed through a pressure recovery exit section where up to 80% of the differential pressure generated at the throat is recovered. The pressure differential follows Bernoulli's Equation.Bernoulli's Equation:The Venturi PrincipleIn the illustration above, the fluid, either liquid or gaseous, enters the Venturi at the location with a cross-sectional area A1, pressure P1, and velocity v1. These properties form the potential and kinetic energy of the fluid at one location. Energy is conserved in a closed system, that is, the sum of potential and kinetic energy at one location must equal the sum of the potential and kinetic energy at any another location in the system. If potential energy decreases at one location, the kinetic energy must proportionally increase at that location. The fluid now enters the throat of the Venturi with a new area A2, which is smaller than A1. In a closed system mass can be neither created nor destroyed (law of conservation of mass, simply, what goes in, must come out), and as such, the volumetric flowrate at area A1 must equal the volumetric flowrate at area A2. If the area at location A2 is smaller than A1, the fluid must travel faster to maintain the same volumetric flowrate. This increase in velocity results in a decrease in pressure which follows Bernoulli's equation. The result: by knowing the pressure and cross-sectional area at two locations, one can calculate the velocity of the fluid. With the velocity of the fluid and its density, one can calculate the flowrate.A Venturi requires two pressure and one temperature measurement to accurately determine flow. The first pressure is measured at the Venturi's upstream location, P1. This is used for the density calculation and the high side input to the differential pressure measurement.The Venturi FlowmeterThe second pressure is measured at the Venturi's throat, P2. This is connected to the low side of the differential pressure gauge to form the DP pressure measurement. The temperature reading is taken several pipe diameters in length upstream of the Venturi so as not to disrupt the uniform flow profile.With proper instrumentation and flow conditioning, a Venturi's flowrate can be reduced to about 10% of its full scale range without adding multiple transducer configurations. This provides a 10 to 1 turn-down in a Venturi's flow range, For example: If a Venturi is designed for a maximum flow of 50 SCFM, approximately 5 SCFM would be the lowest value readable but there are compromises. See Instrumentation for a detailed discussion on instrumenting venturi flowmeters and how to maximize the measurement accuracy.Applications:Installation Requirements for Venturi Flowmeters:1) 10-20 diameters in length of straight pipe upstream of the Venturi2) 5 diameters in length of straight pipe downstream of the Venturi3) Flow conditioning tube before the Venturi, if the flow is non-uniform or swirlingFree Flow System This arrangement is probably the most common, allowing the Venturi to be installed at any point within the flowing system. The location is generally selected for installation convenience and best flow conditioning. Flow conditioning is necessary to minimize swirling and non-uniform flow profiles such as patterns created by fittings, regulators, and any other flow affecting devices.Pressure Reducing Flow System A Venturi can be installed at several different locations within a pressure reducing flow system. Each location generally has advantages and disadvantages. In the diagram below, two locations are shown for the Venturi's location. Location A is in the high pressure supply line to the system. Location B is after the pressure regulator has substantially reduced the flowing pressure and density. Because of the higher gas density at location A, the Venturi will have a greater flow range than at the lower pressure location B. However, this greater range comes at the cost of lower signal resolution as compared with location B. This would be similar to measuring the accuracy of a clock by timing either the minute hand or the second hand. Both clock hands carry the same accuracy information, the timing of the clock, but it would be much easier to measure the movement of the second hand versus the movement of the minute hand over a small time period. This is because the second hand has higher resolution, that is, it's easier to see a change in movement of the second hand versus a change in movement of the minute hand. If a greater time range is required, then one would need to measure the minute hand. It is the same with the Venturi's location. Some flow systems may only operate over a relatively small range. In that case, location B would be more advantageous than location A, and a properly sized Venturi at that location would provide the best signal resolution and accuracy. However, if measuring the full flow range of the system is required, then location A is the proper configuration. It is tempting to size a Venturi to measure the full air supply flow range, but, if it is only operated over a small flow range, this wide range comes at the cost of lower signal resolution and lower measurement accuracy. Require the Venturi to measure only the range that you need.Free Standing Inlet System A Venturi can be installed as the inlet component to a flow system. This arrangement is often used as a calibration standard for a CVS (Constant Volume System) flow stand in emissions testing. Venturis used in this application are referred to as SAOs (Smooth Approach Orifice). SAOs have several advantages over LFEs (Laminar Flow Elements), also used in this application. SAOs are calibrated to an accuracy level which is expressed in percent of reading. LFEs are calibrated typically to percent of full scale. This is very advantageous at mid range and lower flow rates, the error being a percent of reading not of full scale. As with Sonic Nozzles, Venturis (SAOs) will retain their original calibration accuracy unless they are physically damaged or abused. The stainless steel or anodized aluminum surface will not erode through normal everyday use with clean air.
