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The Northern Territory was formed on 1 January 1911, when the territory was separated from South Australia and transferred to Commonwealth control.

From 1825 to 1863, the Northern Territory was part of New South Wales, and from 1863 to 1911 it was part of South Australia. This resulted from the successful 1862 expedition of John McDouall Stuart to find an overland route through the desert from Adelaide to the north. The Nirthern Territory did not exist when the six colonies of Australia federated in 1901.

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