All automobile batteries are considered 12 volt batteries. At the battery itself. With a digital volt meter set of the 20 Volt DC scale you should read 12.6 volts on a fully charged battery with the engine not running. You will see 12.4 Volts at 75% charge, 12.2 Volts at 50% charge and 12 Volts at a 25% charge. With the engine running you should read from 13.5 to 15.5 volts if the alternator is working properly.
For lead-acid chemistry, as in a car battery, think 13.6 volts DC.
get a multi meter that reads dc voltage & touch the black (negative -) wire to the negative battery post & the red (positive +) wire to the positive battery post with car running. car off is battery voltage, car on is alternator voltage.
when cranking the engine the battery voltage should not fall below 9.6volts if so replace battery
your alternator charges the battery while the car is running. The alternator actually puts out a higher voltage than 14 volts while it is running, but it is reduced by a voltage regulator (most of which are already built into the alternator housing), to prevent damage and premature death of the vehicles battery. While your car is not running, the alternator is not charging the battery, and the 13.5 volt reading you get is just the measurement of the voltage the battery is holding at that given point.
Yes, if your car battery is the same voltage as the ATV battery.
yes
Larger.
12-14v
12.6 volts
Yes
Sure, if the alternator voltage regulator is defective it can overcharge the battery.
The number of cells in a battery determine the battery's voltage. Different types of batteries have different cell voltages. The cell voltage is dependant on the reactive metals used. A typical car battery will have six cells. Because a typical cell voltage has a source voltage of approximately 2.0 volts, this makes a car battery produce a voltage of 12 volts.