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There were a large variety of antisemitic modes and mechanisms that operated in Europe.
Modes:
Religious - Christian organizations banned Jewish participation (this included everything from employment to recreational societies to salons) because they refused to acknowledge Jesus as their Lord and Savior.
Racial - Jews (even if they converted to Christianity) were in some way physically impure and therefore banned from Christian organizations
Mechanisms:
Jewish Laws - Many states had codes as to where Jews could live, whom they could marry, whom they could do business with, how efficaciously they could travel, what political aspirations (if any) they were allowed to have, and what weapons or rights to self-defense (if any) they were allowed to have.
Pogroms - Typical in Eastern Europe, violent attacks perpretrated by non-Jews against Jews resulting in both large and small massacres'
State-Led Attacks - This includes tribunals like the Spanish Inquisition that targeted Jews to Government-sanctioned ghetto-raids. Generally during wartime, it was considered "more acceptable" to plunder from a Jew than a Christian.
Financial Disadvantage - Jews were banned from a vast number of occupations and taxed to a greater extent than equivalent Christians. Jews were almost never nobles (there are rare exceptions to this, especially in the UK and the Ottoman Empire).
Note: there are far many more varieties, but this should give you a flavor.
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