Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism often satisfied various psychological and social needs, including the desire for a scapegoat during times of economic or social turmoil. It provided a sense of belonging to a group that could unify against a perceived common enemy, fostering in-group identity. Additionally, it allowed individuals to project their fears and frustrations onto a marginalized community, thus deflecting attention from their own challenges. Ultimately, anti-Semitism served to reinforce social hierarchies and justify discriminatory beliefs and actions.

During the Great Depression, Jews were often scapegoated for the economic hardships faced by many, as they were falsely blamed for the financial crisis and associated societal problems. Pre-existing anti-Semitic stereotypes and prejudices were exacerbated by the economic turmoil, leading to increased discrimination and violence against Jewish communities. Additionally, extremist political movements, particularly in Europe, exploited these sentiments to gain support by promoting conspiracy theories that depicted Jews as responsible for society's ills. This scapegoating ultimately contributed to a climate of intolerance and hatred against Jews during this tumultuous period.

Russia's historical animosity towards Jews stemmed from a combination of religious, social, and economic factors. Jews were often scapegoated for societal problems, facing discrimination and violence, particularly during the Tsarist regime. Anti-Semitic stereotypes portrayed Jews as outsiders and threats to Russian identity, exacerbated by economic competition and their roles in urban professions. These tensions culminated in violent pogroms and the promotion of repressive policies, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

At the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE, anti-Semitism was primarily reflected in the tensions between early Christians and Jewish communities. The Council sought to define Christian doctrine and address issues such as the date of Easter, which highlighted the growing rift between Christians and Jews. Some early Christian leaders viewed Jewish practices and beliefs as a threat, leading to the marginalization of Jewish influence in the developing Christian faith and the promotion of negative stereotypes about Jews. This laid groundwork for future theological and social animosities between the two groups.

John Calvin, the 16th-century theologian, expressed views that can be interpreted as antisemitic, particularly in his writings where he criticized Jewish beliefs and practices. He believed in the theological superiority of Christianity over Judaism and described Jews in ways that reflected the prejudices of his time. However, it is important to contextualize his views within the broader historical framework of the Reformation and the prevailing attitudes toward Jews in Europe during that period. While some of his writings contain negative portrayals of Jews, the extent and nature of his antisemitism are subjects of ongoing scholarly debate.

The book "Racism, Antisemitism, and Psychoanalysis" was written by Earl Hopper. It explores the intersection of these topics and how psychoanalytic theory can shed light on racist and antisemitic attitudes and behaviors.

The unquestioned use of stereoypes and the unthinking acceptance of fanciful conspiracy theories play a key role in such processes of 'internalization'; also, then only seeing or noticing things that seem to fit the stereotype and the fashionable conspiracy theories. Or, to put it simply, never exploring but just seeing what one wants to see.

There is no simple formula. I think it can only be done within the framework of a broad campaign against racism. Key elements include getting to know more about the people ... For example, many anti-Semites know nothing about actual Jews, only the stereoypes and caricatures - and malicious stuff on the internet.

Among non-Jews, it is essentially Christians who have a history of persecuting Jews. Edward Gibbon (The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire) says that in spite of repeated insurrection by the Jews, the pagan rulers were very tolerant towards their beliefs. The New Testament tells Christians that the Jews opposed the teachings of Jesus and were responsible for his death, and arguably incites anti-Jewish sentiment.

The word antisemitic is slightly older and the first reference dates from 1865. The word antisemitism dates from 1879. The antisemitic word means anti-Jewish. The term antisemitism was first used by Wilhelm Marr for his anti-Jewish political movement. He was fed up with being called a Jew-baiter (Judenhetzer) and wanted to show the world that he, too, had an ideology or -ism to solve the world's problems.

Most likely not. Rudyard Kipling used a swastika on the first editions of his books, but this was before the Nazi party adopted the swastika. He used the swastika because it was the symbol of good luck. Before the Nazi party came to power he had the engraver remove it from the printing block. He did not want it to seem like he was supporting them. Hence he was probably not antisemitic or a Nazi sympathizer.

Factors leading to the Nazi Holocaust

His group fought pitched street battles with the Bolsheviks (90% J e w s) who wanted to make Berlin into the spearpoint of Communism for all of Europe. That was one thing. There were many more, one being the tides of pornography, produced by J E W opportunists that were being pushed into Germany after it's loss in WW1. The chief reason though was the fact that in 1933 world J e w r y declared a financial war on Germany and this is documented in a New York newspaper.

Many Egyptians are strongly Anti-Zionist. This leads to a lot of rhetoric conflating Zionism with Judaism. However, Egyptians, as Muslims, are duty-bound to respect Jews and their culture. This leads to a form of doublethink where Egyptians will believe Anti-Semitic nonsense that comes along with the Anti-Zionist feelings they have while believing simultaneously that they are respectful and courteous to Jewish people because of being Muslim. Of course, both of these opinions cannot be right. The degree to which an Egyptian truly likes Jews is directly related to how little or much of the Anti-Semitic garbage he believes.

Unfortunately, yes.

As a general rule people who hate a particular race, religion or creed do so because of fear or ignorance. It is also encouraged by people with an agenda against that group, using propaganda, half truths and lies. Hatred also underlies much violence in the world. If people stopped exerting so much energy toward hating people who are different, they might just have the energy to rebuild this world to be a happier place.

The reasons for Jewish hatred have remained unabated. To see some of these reasons, check out the Related Question: Why do people hate the Jews?

There were a large variety of antisemitic modes and mechanisms that operated in Europe.

Modes:

Religious - Christian organizations banned Jewish participation (this included everything from employment to recreational societies to salons) because they refused to acknowledge Jesus as their Lord and Savior.

Racial - Jews (even if they converted to Christianity) were in some way physically impure and therefore banned from Christian organizations

Mechanisms:

Jewish Laws - Many states had codes as to where Jews could live, whom they could marry, whom they could do business with, how efficaciously they could travel, what political aspirations (if any) they were allowed to have, and what weapons or rights to self-defense (if any) they were allowed to have.

Pogroms - Typical in Eastern Europe, violent attacks perpretrated by non-Jews against Jews resulting in both large and small massacres'

State-Led Attacks - This includes tribunals like the Spanish Inquisition that targeted Jews to Government-sanctioned ghetto-raids. Generally during wartime, it was considered "more acceptable" to plunder from a Jew than a Christian.

Financial Disadvantage - Jews were banned from a vast number of occupations and taxed to a greater extent than equivalent Christians. Jews were almost never nobles (there are rare exceptions to this, especially in the UK and the Ottoman Empire).

Note: there are far many more varieties, but this should give you a flavor.

There is no enmity between Jews and Croatians. Many Jews speak highly of Croatia, especially as a place to vacation. There is, of course, anger over the actions of the Croatian Ustaše during World War II that led to numerous Jews in Croatia, Bosnia, and Serbia being sent to die in either Ustaše camps or in Nazi camps. However, most Jews either do not know about this or do not fault the current generation of Croatians for it or have forgiven the Croatians for the malfeasance.

No, they are not.

No credible sources can be found that suggest Shirley Temple was anti-gay. There is an interesting discussion on the site at the Related Link about the subject, though.

No.

No one can truly know the mind of another person, but Emma Watson has made no statements denigrating Jews, made any negative remarks about Jews (as a group), or implied any negativity towards Jews. It is highly unlikely that she is Anti-Semitic.