The term Pikuach Nefesh comes from the Talmud, specifically Yoma 83a-84b. However, the concept is derived from the Torah where in Leviticus 18:5, God commands the Jewish people to "live by the laws". This has been viewed almost unanimously by Rabbis to mean that almost any action that would lead to the death of person on account of following the Torah Laws should be abrogated. (The three things for which Pikuach Nefesh does not apply are murder, blasphemy/idolatry, and sexual sins.)
Leviticus 18:5 (NIV): 5 Keep my decrees and laws, for the person who obeys them will live by them. I am the Lord.
It's a rabbi's job to pass Torah to his or her students.
There is no fixed topic. It could be anything related to Torah and Judaism; beliefs, living as a Jew; the current Torah-reading or festival, etc.
(Orthodox) Judaism. Orthodox Jews believe that the Torah must be fully observed (Deuteronomy 13:5). They keep the laws of Judaism as codified in the Shulchan Arukh (Code of Jewish Law), which lists the laws of the Torah and Talmud. Torah-study is seen as very important (Deuteronomy 5:1); and the modern world is seen as subservient to the Torah (Talmud, Nedarim 32a), not the other way around. Other Jewish groups (Conservative, Reform) adapt, curtail or change the Torah-laws in contemporary life, to a greater or lesser degree.
Vast numbers of books have been written on that subject, but the easiest approach would be to talk to your local rabbi.Answer:That depends. If you want to know the practical observance of the laws, the best place for an English speaker to begin could be the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, which has been translated into English at least three times. See the attached Related Link.If you want to understand the verses themselves, a good place to start would be The Living Torah by Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan (Moznaim pub., 1981).As the above answer states, nothing can fully substitute for interpersonal learning. There are Torah-classes just about everywhere that Jews live; and there are telephone-learning programs.
They met to pray, read the Torah, and learn Torah. Not just to "talk."The reason they did this (and still do) is because many people work during the week and don't have much time to learn Torah, except on the Sabbath.
Flavius Josephus, Tacitus, the Church Fathers, the Babylonian Talmud, & Mandean scriptures.
One or more of the following: learn Torah, read, talk, take a leisurely stroll, visit family and friends, rest...
Technically, we may do anything that is not one of the prohibited forms of creative work (Talmud, Shabbat 73b). There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do. What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b). What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv). On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion. There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha). After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will have a chance to speak of what they've learned in school. After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing Board Games, etc. Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.
There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do.What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b).What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv).On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion. There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha).After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will have a chance to speak of what they've learned in school.After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing board games, etc. Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.
If you're not referring to the vessels of the Tabernacle, please rephrase your question. The Torah (Exodus ch.25-31 and 35-40) spends a lot of time talking about the Tabernacle and its dedication (Leviticus ch.8-9), because the most important thing in this world is making a dwelling-place for God. We must bring God into our hearts, minds and homes, but the Torah added the command to make a specific sanctuary as well, which is the Tabernacle.
The Jewish Sabbath is from Friday sundown until Saturday after twilight.The origin of the Shabbat is in the Torah (Genesis ch.2, Leviticus ch.23, Exodus ch.20 and many other passages). Since the Sabbath is a day blessed by God (Genesis ch.2), he gave it to the Israelites as a treasured gift to be cherished (Talmud, Beitzah 15b). It is a day of rest (Exodus ch.20, ch.31), and a day of strengthening ties with the family, the community, and with God.There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do.What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b). (See: More about Shabbat-observance.)What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv), consecutively.On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion.There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants then have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha).After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will be asked to speak of what they've learned in school.After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing board games, etc.Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.
Yes, Shabbat is the Jewish weekly day of rest.The Jewish Sabbath is from Friday sundown until Saturday after twilight. The origin of the Shabbat is in the Torah (Genesis ch.2, Leviticus ch.23, Exodus ch.20 and many other passages). Since the Sabbath is a day blessed by God (Genesis ch.2), he gave it to the Israelites as a treasured gift to be cherished (Talmud, Beitzah 15b). It is a day of rest (Exodus ch.20, ch.31), and a day of strengthening ties with the family, the community, and with God.There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do.What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b).What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv), consecutively.On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion.There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants then have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha).After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will be asked to speak of what they've learned in school.After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing board games, etc.Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.