Where is sham and which country belong to sham?

Answer 1

The classical Arabic name for Syria is Sham (Arabic_language: الشام‎ ash-Shām), which in later ages came to refer only to Damascusin Levantine_Arabic, while the pre-Islamic name of the territory, Syria, was used again until the collapse of the Ottoman_Empirein 1918.

According to Wikipedia.

Answer 2

"Sham" does not refer to a specific location. It is an Arabic term that historically referred to a region in the Levant, which includes present-day Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Palestine. However, today its usage varies and may not always be geographically precise.