Ubuntu does not present logical partitions independently, but as part of a unified file system. This concept is a little hard to explain to a newcomer to Linux. Basically, things like drives or partitions are accessed transparently, just by accessing a specific directory. Lets say you have a single hard drive with a single partition. That drive would be mounted as "/", and most directories you see under "/" would be on that partition. However, files on your DVD drive or floppy drive would be elsewhere, like at /media/dvd or /media/floppy. If you wanted, you could use other partitions on your hard drive as mount points. Accessing "/home/username", for instance, could access files on the other partition if that was how you set it up, without you even thinking about the distinction between the two partitions.
You do not need to "initiate" a hard drive. If the hard drive is installed correctly, Ubuntu will detect it.
Get unetbootin from ubuntu's website. Select the ISO from your hard drive then reboot and boot from USB! Voila!
Yes. This is the preferred and most common method for installing Ubuntu.
The installer will do that for you.
I would suggest installing windows on one hard drive, then installing ubuntu on the same hard drive. Use the other hard drive for the backups (partition it).
No guarantee can ever be given that you will not have problems, for anything. As long as your hard drive is in working order and you partition the drive correctly, ubuntu shouldn't have any problems installing.
Ubuntu cannot harm your computer's hardware at all. If you dont have much experience with installing operating systems, and try to install ubuntu, there's a possibility that you can overwrite all the data that is currently on the hard drive. However, if you are installing Ubuntu on a blank hard drive, then there is no harm that can be done by doing so. Ubuntu is a very useful linux-based operating system.
Any type of hard drive can be used in Ubuntu, be it solid state or magnetic, IDE, SATA, or SCSI, 5400, 7200, or 10,000 RPM, Seagate, Hitachi, or Western Digital. To be used to store the main system files, the drive should be 6 GB or larger, but any size drive can be used to store documents in Ubuntu.
if you want an exact clone, take a look at dd.
Yes, you can. But you will have repartion and reformat the hard drive.
I am not aware of any internal hard drives that come preloaded with any operating system, let alone Ubuntu. Ubuntu isn't much of a hassle to install, anyway. In certain countries Dell sells computers with Ubuntu (and Firefox) pre-installed on the internal hard drive, some other companies may do so to.
You can do this very simply using partitions. If you haven't installed Ubuntu yet, Follow the installation instructions and click "Run alongside Windows 7" when prompted. If you already have Ubuntu installed, then it's probably already partitioned.