This question makes no sense. Judaism is not an event that occurred in one place and one time (like the Battle of Gettysburg) as a result it occurs over many dates in many locations. Please resubmit the question clarifying what you are asking for.
3800 years ago.
According to tradition, Abraham founded Judaism, and Moses later received the Torah from God.
Abraham, tenth generation descendant of Noah, of Hebrew lineage, was the son of Terah, uncle of Lot, father of Isaac, grandfather of Jacob, and ancestor of the Israelites. His story is in Genesis ch.11 (end), through ch.25. Jewish tradition states that he was the first to teach belief in One God; and it is in his merit that Jews continue to exist (Genesis 18:19, and ch.17).
Abraham (18th century BCE) came from ancestry that had been God-fearing a couple of centuries earlier but had afterwards slipped into idolatry (Joshua 24:2). Nimrod, the idolatrous tyrant, had brought Abraham's father (Terah) from the Semitic ancestral seat near the conjunction of the Balikh and the Euphrates, and instated him in a position of power in his army in the royal Babylonian city of Ur, where Abraham was born. Nimrod persecuted any who would question his idolatrous cult.
The Kuzari (Rabbi Judah HaLevi, 1075-1141) states that Abraham was gifted with high intelligence; and, as Maimonides (1135-1204) describes, Abraham didn't blindly accept the ubiquitous idolatry. The whole populace had been duped, but the young Abraham contemplated the matter relentlessly, finally arriving at the conclusion that there is One God and that this should be taught to others as well. This is what is meant by his "calling out in the name of the Lord" (Genesis ch.12). As a young man, he remonstrated with passersby in public, demonstrating to them the falsehood of their idols; and our tradition tells how he was threatened and endangered by Nimrod.
Subsequently, Terah relocated to Harran; and it is here that Abraham began to develop a circle of disciples (Rashi commentary, on Genesis 12:5).
Later, God told Abraham in prophecy to move to the Holy Land, which is where Abraham raised his family.
He continued his contemplations, eventually arriving at the attitudes and forms of behavior which God later incorporated into the Torah given to Moses. Abraham taught disciples (Talmud, Yoma 28b), gave tithes (Genesis ch.14), strove to raise a family (Genesis ch.15, 17, and 24) which would serve God (Genesis 18:19), made a covenant with God (Genesis ch.15 and 17), welcomed guests into his home (Genesis ch.18) unlike the inhospitable Sodomites (Genesis ch.19), prayed for people (Genesis ch.18), rebuked others when necessary (Genesis ch.20), eulogized and buried the deceased (Genesis ch.23), and fulfilled God's will unquestioningly (Genesis ch.22). He became renowned as a prince of God (Genesis 23:6).
All of these forms of behavior were based upon the ways of God, which Abraham comprehended through his contemplations. These, and similar personality traits, were the teachings of Abraham and his descendants.
It is therefore clear why God expresses His love for Abraham (Isaiah 41:8) and calls Himself the God of Abraham (Genesis 26:24), and says that Abraham obeyed Him fully (Genesis 26:5). And this is why, according to our tradition, Abraham is credited with having begun the religion which became known as Judaism. However, Abraham and his descendants observed their traditions voluntarily, until the Giving of the Torah to Moses 3325 years ago, when God made it obligatory.
Moses was born 245 years after the death of Abraham. Pharaoh had decreed that Israelite boys be killed (Exodus ch.1), but the daughter of Pharaoh took pity on the infant Moses (Exodus ch.2) and raised him as her own son. He was forced to flee after killing a cruel Egyptian taskmaster, and went to Midian, where he wedded the daughter of Jethro. He eventually achieved the highest level of prophecy (Deuteronomy ch.34) and was called upon by God (Exodus ch.3). He brought the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery (Exodus ch.12). He received the Torah from God (Exodus 24:12) and later recorded it in writing (Deuteronomy 31:24). He went up on Mount Sinai for 40 days and nights (Deuteronomy ch.9-10) and brought down the Two Stone Tablets with the Ten Commandments (Exodus 31:18). He brought the Israelites into the covenant with God (Exodus ch.19 and ch.24), and he oversaw the building of the Tabernacle (Exodus ch.35-40). He was the humblest of men and the greatest of prophets (Numbers ch.12).
Wherever Jews live. As of 2016:
Israel.......... 6,335,000
America....... 5,400,000
France......... 478,000
Canada........ 380,000
United Kingdom 290,000
Argentina.... 230,000
Russia........ 190,000
Germany......119,000
Australia...... 112,000
Brazil........... 107,300
South Africa.. 70,000
Mexico.......... 67,500
Ukraine......... 67,000
Hungary........ 48,000
Belgium........ 30,000
Holland......... 29,900
Poland...........25,000
Italy.............. 28,100
Chile............. 18,500
Switzerland, Turkey, Uruguay.....17,000 each
Sweden.........15,000
Spain.............12,000
Other countries, combined: 120,000.
See also:
Israel... and other immigrant communities, such as in the US.
near east 70 A.D
Religions in general are located in the hearts of their followers. Judaism was founded as a religion by wandering tribes in the Middle East, and then came to be centered on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, but when the Imperial Roman Army destroyed the Temple in the year 70, Judaism ceased to be centered on a place, except that the memory of the Temple continues to shape Jewish worship to this day.
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For Judaism and Christianity it is Jerusalem. For Islam it is Mecca.
Israel; and after that, America.
Judaism
Israel.
Israel
Jews can be found around the world. The centre of Judaism is Israel and more specifically, Jerusalem.
That depends when. Before they were exiled all over the world, the Jews were in Israel.
israel
God's covenant and His help. The fact that the Jews possessed a religious text (The Torah). The fact that for many centuries Judaism was based in one location (Israel).
absoulute location tells the precise area or location where something is at or located .
Judaism was concentrated in Europe and north Africa in about the year 1500. It was also found as far east as China and South Asia.