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In late 1861 Confederate batteries just a few miles south of Washington made navigation of the Potomac too dangerous for unarmed vessels with out heavy Naval escort.

In September 1862 Secretary of the Navy Gideon Wells recorded he had been disappointed with General McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac as early as December 1861 because McClellan had failed to make any move to block rebels from setting up these batteries.. Wells also quoted Salmon Chase, Secretary of the Treasury as saying "McClellan ought to be shot."

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As late as February 1862, Confederate artillery batteries overlooking the Potomac River were a threat to Union shipping. The Confederates found their ideal positions for their cannons in two particular places. One was the location of Cockpit Point and the other was further south at the mouth of Quantico Creek which flowed into the Potomac River.

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Q: Where were Confederate artillery batteries placed to harass Union shipping on the Potomac River?
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