The Gemini program which came between the Mercury and Apollo programs were designed to give this sort of experience.
Mercury
One problem with Project Mercury was the spacesuit. It was very heavy and needed to be redesigned several times. Another problem that Project Mercury faced was designing a way to bring back the astronauts without them overheating on re-entry. There were also tragedies to overcome when a test failed and astronauts died.
Project Orion was a study of a spacecraft intended to be directly propelled by a series of explosions of atomic bombs behind the craft (Nuclear pulse propulsion)
The two-man flights of Project Gemini (1965-1966) followed NASA's Mercury program, which launched astronauts in one-man capsules.
above the msosphere and below the exosphere sumwhere around there Its orbit is in the thermosphere which is approximately at a altitude of 300km. it is above the mesosphere and below the exosphere.
Project Gemini and Project Apollo had astronauts practice piloting and working in space.
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As each Apollo spacecraft had three astronauts at a time and seven Apollo crafts flew to the moon, there were a total of 21 astronauts.
Project Gemini was the second human spaceflight program of NASA that aimed to develop the capabilities and techniques necessary for the Apollo missions to land astronauts on the Moon. It focused on tasks such as spacewalks, docking of spacecraft, and long-duration missions. Gemini missions also helped in understanding the effects of long-duration spaceflights on astronauts.
Redstone.
The Project Orion study, often misspelled as the Project Onion study, examined a spacecraft that was meant to be launched by igniting a set of atomic bombs off behind the vehicle. The project was halted in 1963.
The Apollo Program
Project Gimini
Mercury
Alan Shepard
There were 2 astronauts on each Project Gemini mission.
The Orion project has been canceled by Congress and the administration.