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SYNCOM 1 and 2
The space shuttle is itself a spacecraft. Perhaps you are looking for information on the first satellites launched by a space shuttle. STS-5, launched 16 November 1982, deployed 2 satellites
The Sputnik satellites were the first sucessful satellites, launched by the Soviets in the 50's.
no.
ionosphere
Satellites are launched in east direction to use earths rotational velocity and to reduce launch energy.
200
They are launched by rockets.
45
Yes
Yes, England (UK) has launched satellites. Recently the have launched military space communications satellites named Skynet
More satellites have been launched for different use of technology