Article 3
No, only Congress can set up the court system according to Article 3 and 1 of the US Constitution
Article ONE
Article 6
Congress created a rudimentary federal court system in The Judiciary Act of 1789. Although Article III of the Constitution mandated a US Supreme Court.
Congress created the Supreme Court of the United States and the first "inferior courts" of the federal judiciary in the Judiciary Act of 1789, but has expanded or dismantled parts of the federal court system at various points in history via other Judiciary Acts. The only federal court Congress cannot abolish is the Supreme Court because it is mandated under Article III of the Constitution.
The US Constitution provides for the powers of the states in the federal system in Article 4, Sections 1 through 4 of the document. Article 10 of the Constitution allows for states to have powers not given to the federal government as well.
Yes. US Tax Court, an Article I tribunal, is independent of the other courts in the federal judiciary. The Courts of general jurisdiction (US District Court, US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, the US Supreme Court, and a few others) are all considered Article III tribunals, because that is the part of the Constitution that authorizes their creation and outlines jurisdiction.
The Article III inferior courts (below the US Supreme Court) of the Judicial Branch:US District Courts (trial courts)US Court of International Trade (trial)US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts (intermediate appellate courts)
The Judicial Branch of the US government consists of the Article III (constitutional) courts in the federal court system.The US Supreme Court is head of the Judicial Branch, but all Article III courts are part of that branch.US District CourtsUS Court of International TradeUS Court of Appeals Circuit CourtsSupreme Court of the United StatesThe federal courts Congress created under their authority in Article I of the Constitution, such as US Bankruptcy Court, US Court of Federal Claims, US Tax Court, etc., are notconsidered part of the Judicial Branch, although they are part of the federal court system.
No. Article I, Section 8 and Article III of the Constitution authorizes Congress to create courts "inferior" to the US Supreme Court.
No, the US Tax Court is one of the US Special Courts, and is more similar to a District Court in that it has original (trial) jurisdiction over the cases it hears. While the US Tax Court is part of the federal court system, it is not part of the Judicial Branch of government. Congress oversees the special courts under their authority in Article I of the Constitution, making the court part of the Legislative Branch.
Congress first established the federal court system in the Judiciary Act of 1789. This act created the US Supreme Court, and a small number of District and Circuit Courts. Although Article III of the Constitution mandated a US Supreme Court, it was actually established by the 1789 legislation.