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VAGUS
This is the menace response, in which the eye perceives an object traveling towards it and the eyelids are slammed shut. The nerve relay is cranial nerve II (optic nerve), optic chiasma, visual cortex, cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve).
A dilated pupil is when the black part of the eye becomes big due to reactions to light or medication. A fixed pupil is one where the black part is stuck open big due to pressure inside of the eye.
The cranial nerve that is tested in the visual acuity test is the optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II. It is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain.
The brain lies within the cranial cavity which is inside the larger dorsal cavity
V is responsible for tear reflex in response to cornea irritation, VII has a parasympathetic branch responsible for emotional tears.
The olfactory nerve which is also cranial nerve number 1 is responsible for the sense of olfaction.
equilibrium, taste, tears, and tongue movement
The constriction of pupils in response to bright light is called the pupillary light reflex. If the light is shining directly into one eye, then the pupil in that eye will constrict (a direct response), but so will the pupil in the non-illuminated eye (a consensual response).This reflex involves two cranial nerves: the optic nerve, which senses the light, and the oculomotor nerve, which constricts both pupils. It is considered involuntary since you don't think about it.
Cranial Nerve 2 - Optic Nerve
A cranial reflex is one that is controlled by one of the cranial nerves and tend to take place in the facial or head area. These can include reflexes like the constriction of the pupils in response to light, etc. A spinal reflex, on the other hand, is a reflex that involves only the spinal nerves and is not processed by the brain. An example is the patellar reflex, like when the doctor hits your knee and it reflexively moves. Hope this helps! :)
Cranial nerve number 2 is the optic nerve, responsible for most of the sensation of sight.
If the light is shining directly into one eye, then the pupil in that eye will constrict (a direct response), but so will the pupil in the non-illuminated eye (a consensual response). This reflex involves two cranial nerves: the optic nerve, which senses the light, and the oculomotor nerve, which constricts both pupils.
The third cranial nerve, the oculomotor is responsible for blinking and most other eyelid movement.
Spinal accessory
A cranial reflex is a fast, involuntary response to a stimulus. It uses the brain stem as an integrating center (the brain receives sensory information and generates a response). This is contrasted to a spinal reflex, when the response is generated in the spinal cord itself, and the brain only finds out a reflex has occurred after the fact.An example of a cranial reflex would be the tracking movements of your eyes as you are reading this sentence. The dilation and contraction of your pupils in response to different levels of light is another cranial reflex.--------------An example of a spinal reflex would be standing on a pin or touching a hot object.
The cranial nerve responsible for hearing and equilibrium is vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). It originates from between the pons and medulla.