The most common WAN data-link protocols are:
1. HDLC 2. PPP
3. Frame Relay
4. ATM
Which? Where are the Options?WAN Technologies operate & involve Layer1, Layer2 & Layer3 of OSI Model. Example of WAN Technology Protocols are Frame Relay, ATM & X.25 protocols.
Atm frame relay
atm and frame-relay
Data link layer protocols like PPP and HDLC define how data is encapsulated for transmission across a WAN link.
Here's what you should know: Data link layer protocols must be concerned with the rules for transmitting data across the network media, particularly with encoding and carrying "frames" of data. Although this layer includes providing error detection and notification by adding the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), the Transport Layer is primarily responsible for end-to-end error-free message delivery. WAN Data-Link protocols primarily define how data frames should be packaged for different types of networks. To quote: The data link protocols available for WAN communications define how networks will carry the data frames on a given data link. The data link protocols used for WANs come in three categories: 1. Interface to IBM enterprise data centers: SDLC 2. WAN connections using peer devices: HDLC & PPP 3. Switched or relayed services: X.25/LAPB, Frame Relay, ISDN/LAPD, ATM. Some of these protocols provide functionality as high as in the Network layer of the OSI, and all of these protocols transfer data over a WAN data link.
Nonroutable.
*define the structure of layer specific PDU'sdictate how to accomplish layer functions*outline the functions necessary for communications between layerslimit hardware compatibility*require layer dependent encapsulationseliminate standardization among vendors
ip
Frame relay and PPP is used with WAN encapsulation. Frame Relay most closely compares to the OSI data link layer (Layer 2). If you remember that the word "frame" describes the data link layer protocol data unit (PDU), it will be easy to remember that Frame Relay relates to OSI Layer 2. Like other data-link protocols, Frame Relay can be used to deliver packets (Layer 3 PDUs) between routers.
According to Cisco Curriculum Semester 4 1.2.1.1 As described in relation to the OSI reference model, WAN operations focus primarily on Layer 1 and Layer 2. WAN access standards typically describe both Physical layer delivery methods and Data Link layer requirements, including physical addressing, flow control, and encapsulation.
Primarily distance, but also the protocols and network medium.
According to Cisco Curriculum Semester 4 1.2.1.1 As described in relation to the OSI reference model, WAN operations focus primarily on Layer 1 and Layer 2. WAN access standards typically describe both Physical layer delivery methods and Data Link layer requirements, including physical addressing, flow control, and encapsulation.