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MAC
physical layer.
MAC
It depends on which textbook you are reading; some textbooks state that the frame is constructed in the data link layer (layer 2) and transmitted out the physical layer as a packet. Some other textbooks will say that the packet is created in layer 2 and transmitted out the physical layer as a frame.
The physical layer - layer 1.
The Physical Layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission medium. The Physical Layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the modulation scheme to use and similar low-level parameters, are specified here. Within the semantics of the OSI network architecture, the Physical Layer translates logical communications requests from the Data Link Layer into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of electronic signals.
Data Link Layer
The physical layer - it describes the hardware and the signaling techniques used at the physical connection between the network and the device.
A PHY chip takes a set of data, and turns it into a string of bits to allow the data to be transmitted across a physical medium, such as fiber optic cables. This is part of Layer 1 of the OSI model.
to convert a frame into a series of signals to be transmitted on the local media
A PHY chip takes a set of data, and turns it into a string of bits to allow the data to be transmitted across a physical medium, such as fiber optic cables. This is part of Layer 1 of the OSI model.
The physical layer of the OSI model is responsible for encoding frames in to the electronic/RF/optical signals of the physical medium and for reading the media and translating back in to usable frames.