When anhydrous Sodium acetate [CH3COONa] is mixed with water when it is boiling, till no more dissolves, a liquid solution is formed. This liquid is then allowed to cool inside the fridge. It should be cool like chilled water and should be in liquid state. When drop that to a mildly heated surface, it turns to SOLID.
This process is called Supercooling, and the chemical formed is actually Sodium Acetate Trihydrate [CH3COONa.3H2O]. This chemical can be remelted at 58°C again and can be passed through the same process.
Heat is neither solid or liquid, it is not a gas either. I think of it only as a ray of hot.
SUBLIMATION: It is a process in which a solid instead of changing into liquid state changes directly into gaseous state upon heating. MELTING: It is a process in which a solid at its melting point changes into liquid state upon heating.
The phase, whether solid, liquid, or gas, of any substance depends upon two factors, temperature and pressure. There is a temperature and pressure at which any solid will melt and become a liquid. The great majority of solids can be melted by heating them at normal air pressure, but not all solids. Frozen carbon dioxide, for example (also known as dry ice) goes directly from the solid phase to the gas phase at normal air pressure, without ever being a liquid, as it is heated. However, with a higher pressure it can be made into a liquid.
They change phase. For example, upon absorbing heat, a solid can become liquid, and a liquid and become a gas. Vice versa when releasing heat.
The rate of a phase change, such as from solid to liquid, is dependent upon the specific heat of the material, the difference between the solid's core temperature and the room's ambient temperature and the application of any external energy sources such as a light bulb or heating mantle.
It depends on what the solid is made out of. Most solids shrink when cooled, and become more brittle. There are exceptions, however, such as ice, which expands slightly at certain temperatures.
Liquids become solids by cooling. For example pure water upon cooling to 0 Degrees Celcius will turn from a liquid state to a solid state. Cooling / freezing slowing down or restricts the movements the particles within the substance and as this occurs they move slower and slower till they obtain a near stationary state, known as a solid.
Liquids become solids upon freezing. Most solids contract when they freeze. The expansion of water when it becomes ice is an unusual property.
This varies depending upon which nonmetal you are asking about. Chlorine is a gas at room temperature, but bromine is a liquid and carbon is a solid.
That depends upon temperature and pressure. At room temperature and sea level pressures, most waxes are solid or if you melt it it turns in to a liquid but if you put it at 100 degrees it turns in to gas.
Deliquescence
Solidifying upon heating is not a property of any particular compound, but rather of a class of unstable materials called "supercooled" liquids. If a liquid is cooled below its freezing point, with care to avoid agitation and/or the presence of any crystal nuclei, the liquid can remain in the liquid state for some time and as much as several degrees below its equilibrium freezing temperature. Slight heating, because of the convective agitation that the heating induces within the liquid, can then cause the liquid to freeze.