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No single person stands out as having uniquely re-shaped 19th-century Britain. For all their grandeur, monarchs exerted a dwindling power over national life. Even among politicians, while many names stand out, none stands out from their peers as having made an unrivalled impact - Pitt, Russell, Peel, Palmerston, Disraeli and Gladstone each in turn dominated or changed government or politics, but constitutional progress was gradual and cumulative: perhaps on balance Peel comes closest for (sometimes unintentionally) initiating free trade and successively creating the two parties that dominated the rest of the century. In economic life James Watt and George Stephenson also made their mark by developing (not inventing) the steam engine and railway locomotion, key to 19th-century expansion, but the 18th-century inventors whose innovations sparked the Industrial Revolution also have a claim.

All in all, it was a collaborative effort, and Great Britain was mercifully free of great men too great to share the limelight.

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Q: Who changed Britain the most in the 19th century?
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