The fifth amendment protected people from the federal government. Due process rights were enforced to the states upon the approval of the 14th amendment.
bond issued by one of the 50 states
Article IV (A+LS)
The people of the United States are protected from their government by the Bill of Rights. It lists the things that the government is NOT allowed to do.
Article IV (A+LS)
the states or their people
State rights gave the states some power to decide on certain regulations instead of giving the Federal government all the power to control all the regulations. Some people think that by giving the states some power then the federal government wont have too much power to become dictator like or monarchy and stuff like that. Or tyranny which is the use of unjust power.
The word federal refers to the federal government, or the largest form of government in the United States. It can also refer to taxes which are paid to the federal government or people who work for the federal government.
the states or their people
The power-sharing between a central government and those of the individual states is a federal government.
Reserves
The constitution gives the federal government certain powers. The federal government can ONLY exercise a power which is explicitly granted to it in the constitution. The Constitution also lists a few specific things that states are not allowed to do, presumably because the founders didn't want ANY level of government (state or federal) to be able to do it, or because they wanted it to be reserved exclusively to the federal government. The 10th Amendment says that all powers not expressly granted to the federal government, and not expressly prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states or the people.