Alexander
Alexander
Not so. The Eretrians and Athenians sent a contingent to help the Ionian city-states who revolted, but after a successful raid on Sardis, the Persian provincial capital in Asia Minor, they were defeated and over several more years the revolt was put down and the cities remained under Persian rule.
Their forces were defeated, they were split politically, and had Persian rule over them confirmed.
The Persians were not defeated by anyone in 499 BCE.
The Ionian Greek city states of Asia Minor who had revolted against Persian rule.
The Persian rule would best be described as trying to promote peace, security and prosperity.
Earth and water, as a symbol of their agreement to Persian rule under Persian provincial governors and local tyrants appointed by Persia.
The Persians were concerned becaus mainland Greek cities were supporting their daughter citise in Ionia who were revolting against Persian rule. They sent a punitive expedition which capteured Eretria but was defeated by Athens and Plataia at Marathon.
The Persians greatest army was The Immortals. There were about 10,000 of them and as soon as one died another Immortal replaced him. They were all specially trained warriors. They also had smaller weaker army that were defeated at Thermopylae. The Greeks and Spartans were defeated though because a Greek spy told the Persians a way around the pass of Thermopylae and the Greeks and Spartans were surrounded.
The Medes were partners, under the leadership of the Persian king.
Their forces were defeated, they were split politically, and had Persian rule over them confirmed.
If you mean Sparta and Athens, they were not rivals but supported each other. The rivalry came after the Persian invasion was repelled and Athens turned the Delian League it had led against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own and used its resources to try to dominate the Greek world.
In Asia Minor where there was an uprising of Greek cities against Persian rule. Eretria and Athens intervened on the rebel side. Persia later attempted to put them under a governor to keep them under control. The Persian expedition was defeated at Marathon which led the Persians to attempt full control of mainland Greece to maintain peace within their empire.