Erwin Schrodinger
Electron configuration
the ionic or covalent nature of the bond. if it is shared it is covalent, if it is transferred it is ionic
The answer that you wish to acquire is ionization energy. pretty sure at least. ;)
No. Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. When atoms gain or lose electrons they are called ions.
Yes, in the form of a probability wave. It's important to realize that the wave behavior of electrons in atoms isn't analogous to, say, a wave in the ocean. An electron's wave behavior is one of probability, there's no macroscopic equivalent. The probability of finding an electron at a certain location oscillates like a wave, not the electron itself.
they use probability
The chemical behavior is determined largely by the number of valence electrons.
use the quantum theory
The number of electrons of both atoms and its valence number.
The general location of electrons in a covalent bond is that electrons are shared in pairs between 2 atoms. If 2 electrons pairs are shared, 4 electrons are shared in all.
The general location of electrons in a covalent bond is that electrons are shared in pairs between 2 atoms. If 2 electrons pairs are shared, 4 electrons are shared in all. They lie between the two nuclei of the bonding atoms. The shared electrons are typically near the middle of the bond between the 2 atoms, in a covalent bond. They may be slightly closer to 1 atom or the other, due to small differences in electronegativity.
Thomson, which is considered as the discoverer of electrons.
Because the atoms having covalent bonds "share" the involved electrons equally. This is one of the effects of Quantum Mechanics, the shape of the orbital probability cloud containing the electrons in these bonds changes shape to encompass both atoms valence bands.
Electron configuration
well, first you have to understand that elements are made up of atoms. atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons. the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. the protons and neutrons are located in the mucleus, while the electrons are located in the outer rings of the atoms. the first ring can hold a maximum of 2 electrons and the second and third can hold a maximum of 8 each up to element number 20. They are usually drawn in pairs. For example, look at this potassium atom. The electrons are on the outer shells.
As single elementary particles all electrons are identical; but in atoms electrons have different energy and location. The speed of electrons is also different in diverse applications.
Scientists do not use the electron cloud model to describe the exact location of electrons around a nucleus. Electrons are quantum particles that exist as points and waves. As a wave, it cannot be said that an electron occupies any exact location, rather, the probability of its charge's existence is spread out in a cloud surrounding the atom.