It was Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger who first wrote the electron wave equations that led to the Quantum Mechanical model. He formulated it in late 1925, and published was published 1926.
Erwin Schrodinger, a German physicist,
Zero. First n=3; second l = 0; third m = 0.
n = 2, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = -1/2 Only the radial function R(r) of the Schrodinger wave function (psi) is needed to calculate the Energy. The radial function only deals with the principle quantum number (n). Therefore, only n is required to find the Energy. As to find the Energy states, one must specify if we are dealing with a one-electron atom situation or multiple-electron system. For one-electron atoms, the Energy states is determined by the principle quantum number (n). For multi-electron systems, the Energy states depend on both the principle quantum number (n) and orbital quantum number (l). This explanation is valid unless we are using very high resolution spectroscopic techniques, deviations will appear.
A light microscope is an optical microscope. That differentiates it from an electron microscope, a quantum mechanical tunneling microscope and others.
The orbits were first introduced in Bohr's theory. According to it, orbits were circular paths for electrons, around the nucleus. It is two dimensional. On the contrary, the orbitals deals with the Shrodinger's Wave Equation. They show a probable three dimensional space where a particular electron can exist around the nucleus. Further, the shapes of the orbitals are determined from the solutions of the equation.
Due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle one can never know the position of an electron to an arbitrary precision. We can only use quantum mechanical probability densities to estimate it's position. Or we can measure it's location, but that only tells us where it was and can not tell us where it is or how fast it is moving.
Erwin Schrodinger, a German physicist,
The energy level the electron is in
"The quantum mechanical model of the atom" is a pretty vague phrase, but basically it can be thought of as the set of solutions to the Schroedinger equation HΨ = EΨ . (Yeah, that looks like the world's stupidest equation with solution H = E, but what's important to understand is that H isn't a variable or number, it's an operator. That means we don't get a single E for all Ψ, we get a collection of Es each corresponding to a different function Ψ.)
The energy level the electron is in
The energy level an electron gives
The first quantum number (n) represents the energy level (shell), so for a 1s2 electron, it would have a value of 1.
N = 2
n=3
It isn't so much a matter of there being a given "quantum of energy" as much as energy is quantized. This means that particles that behave quantum mechanical laws can only have certain values of energy and not the values in between. The most popular example of this is an electron in an atom. Quantum theory tells us that the electron can be in it's ground state energy, which has a given value, or it's first excited state, which has another given value, or any higher excited state. However, you cannot observe an electron with an energy value in between the ground state and first excited state, or between any two consecutive excited states. This is what it means to have quantized energy: only certain discrete values are allowed.
n=2
n=1
n = 2