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to create federal courts below the supreme court
By acts of Congress.
By acts of Congress.
Article III of the Constitution vested Congress with the power of creating federal courts below the Supreme Court, at their discretion. This authority includes determining the number and (usually) jurisdiction of each court. Congress also has the power to eliminate federal courts below the Supreme Court.
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Most of the federal courts. If you're asking about the first courts Congress created under the Judiciary Act of 1789, see Related Questions, below.
Congress created a rudimentary federal court system in The Judiciary Act of 1789. Although Article III of the Constitution mandated a US Supreme Court, the Court was actually established by the same 1789 legislation.For more information, see Related Questions, below.
The Constitution established only one federal court, the Supreme Court. It left to Congress the job of creating the federal court system. Congress has created two types of federal courts, District and Courts of Appeals . It has also enacted laws dealing with the size and function of the Supreme Court.
to create federal courts below the supreme court
Congress created the first "inferior courts" of the federal judiciary in the Judiciary Act of 1789, but has expanded or dismantled parts of the federal court system at various points in history.
No. The Constitution mandated Congress create the Supreme Court and empowered them to create whatever lower courts they deemed necessary, but the Constitution did not actually establishthe federal court system. Congress began that process with the Judiciary Act of 1789.
All the courts that are below it. If it is a federal appeals court, that means all courts in the country excepting the Supreme Court. If it is a provincial appeals court that means all courts below it in that particular province only.