Everyone who creates or uses materials such as literary works, music, fine arts, Photography, movies, or architecture.
Copyright affects what you can do with this sentence you're reading right now.
Everyone.
Everything written or recorded since 1923 is affected by copyright laws.
Development of automobiles was affected more by patent than copyright.
For the most part, the average paramedic is not going to be affected by copyright in his work. A general understanding of copyright is more or less required to be a member of society these days, however.
Various types of media both use content by others and create content themselves, so they are affected by copyright law on both sides of the equation.
As creators, copyright allows us to ascribe value to and make money from our hard work. As users, copyright requires us to get permission to do a lot of the things we want, but also increases the variety of materials available to us by encouraging creation.
Yes. Sound recordings of music have two types of protection: for the song itself, and for the performance.
Generally, all technical innovation has some impact on copyright law, and vice versa. Digitization allows materials to be duplicated with no loss of fidelity, and distributed without manufacture or transportation costs. Ultimately, this has the potential to make it cheaper and easier to infringe a copyright than to buy a legal copy of something.
"Copyright in fragment" is a common misspelling of "copyright infringement," which is the violation of copyright.
Yes. Copyright laws apply to everyone, it's just that some people are more affected by it than others. If you're an emergency service worker who also writes songs or poetry or apps, those are protected. If you bought a handbook on first aid that was protected by copyright, you wouldn't be able to copy it without an exemption in the law or permission from the rightsholder.
license agreement
"A copyright attorney provides legal counsel regarding copyright law. A copyright attorney could be an asset in assisting a client obtain and registering a copyright, transfering ownership of a copyright, helping avoid copyright violations, and protecting the client's own copyright. Although any attorney may counsel regarding copyright law, copyright attorneys can be a great asset where specific copyright issues are addressed."
Although there are many exceptions for use of copyrighted materials in education, there are still a lot of limits on what can be used. Distance learning, for example, is very difficult within the constraints of copyright: in many cases reserve materials that might have been accessible on campus cannot be made available online.