There is nobody ruling Islam but there is Shariah (Islamic law) that Muslims around the world adhere to.
There is no human being ruling islam. Only Allah
A fatwa is a religious opinion or ruling. It can only be done by a Sheikh or Scholar of Islam.
That depends on what authrority you follow - but there is no absolute ruling that it is haraam
There is no substantiation for any such ruling in Islam
There is no definite ruling on this matter. It is not something that Islam would go into detail and give a ruling about. It is just a matter of your personal choice. You should choose whatever way you like.
The Abbasids were the Muslims, neither Christians nor Jews. Many Muslim families have been ruling the Muslims.
Caliph is an Arabic word that means successor in English. So, it was called on the successor, to the former ruler, in ruling the country or the state.
In Islam, a man is authorized to marry 4 wives. One of this objectives is to protect women and help her in her life.For details, please refer to the below added links.The ruling on plural marriage and the wisdom behind itRuling on plural marriage and conditions thereof
Nothing. It is purely a personal matter and there is no ruling whatsoever on this matter. You are allowed to buy any property, house and other stuff you like. Islam gives no rule on buying a property except that the dealing should be fair and preferably through a written agreement.
A Qadi is an Islamic Judge or Court Representative. A Qadi is responsible for ruling on religious matters and civil matters brought before a religious court usually in a local setting (i.e. a city).
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The Songhai Empire contributed to the spread of Islam and Arabic through trade and contact with Arab merchants, scholars, and traders. As the empire grew in wealth and power, it attracted Muslim scholars and traders who spread their religion and language through interactions with the local population. Additionally, the ruling elite of the Songhai Empire embraced Islam, further promoting its spread among the populace.