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Most of Australia's population, prior to the goldrush, was made up of people from England and other parts of Great Britain. (The answer is not "prisoners" as has been written here previously.) Many, but by no means 'most', of these were ex-convicts who had become farmers, graziers, businessmen, tradesmen, labours, etc. but most were just ordinary people who had either come from England themselves, or who had been born of parents who came from England.

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Q: Who made up most of the white Australians population before the Gold Rush in Australia?
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