The Supreme Court
The Supreme court determines how laws that are passed by Congress are meant to be interpreted and applied. The Supreme Court also determines whether a law passed by Congress is unconstitutional or not.
the judicial branch uses its power of judicial review to declare whether or not a law passed by the legislation is constitutional
The president vetoes a law passed by Congress, but Congress overrides the veto with a two-thirds majority vote. (APEX)
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The Supreme Court can check the power of Congress by ruling legislation passed by Congress is unconstitutional. The Supreme Court can do this when they a presented with an opportunity to hear a case which disputes a law. The supreme court's decision is final because it is the highest court in America.
If a law is passed by Congress, then it goes to the president and he can either veto it or pass it as a law, but there is also the chance that the Supreme Court might find it unconstitutional.
Congress cannot veto a law. Any law must be written and passed by Congress in the first place. The president can then veto it. Congress can override the veto with a 2/3 majority. After a law is passed, the Supreme Court can strike it down if they declare the law unconstitutional.
The power of judicial review. Marbury v. Madison in 1803 established the tradition of the Supreme Court's role in "interpreting" whether or not a law passed by Congress is Constitutional or unconstitutional.
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Simply, the judicial branch determines whether the Constitution allows certain laws to be passed. If the Supreme Court decides that a law passed by Congress is not allowable, then the law is considered 'unconstitutional' and is erased. This gives the Supreme Court a tremendous amount of power.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in 1854. It repealed the original decision of the Missouri Compromise. It allowed states to vote whether or not to allow slavery.