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Who was rome religion leader?

Updated: 8/23/2023
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The head of roman state religion was the Pontifex Maxumus. He headed the Collegium Pontificum (College of the Pontiffs), a college of the highest priesthoods.


His duties were the regulation of the consecration of temples and other sacred places dedicated to the gods, the administration of laws regarding burials, burying places, the worships of the dead ancestors (manes), and the laws of adoption and inheritance, the regulation of expiatory ceremonials which followed pestilence and natural disasters, the regulation of public morals and supervising the marriages of patricians. Perhaps his most important role was the regulation of the calendar. This listed the dates of the many religious festivals in the year, many of which were on fixed dates, some of which had variable dates set by the Pontifex according to religious rules (a bit like the date for Easter) and listed the dies fasti (allowed days, the days when legal proceedings were allowed) and dies nefasti (days when legal proceedings could not be conducted). The calendar regulated religious and public life.

Other important duties were the superintendence of the state archives, keeping the official minutes of the elected officers of state, a list of officers of state (fasti) and a record of their decisions (commentarri) and compiling the Annales Maximi which recorded the main events of the year.

Originally the Pontifex maximus was elected by the members of the College of Pontiffs for life, later for five year. A law in 330 BC opened this office to public election.


During the late republic the Ponitfex Maximus become less religious in character and its importance was more political and Rome became more secular. Under the rule of the emperors theemperorwas also the Ponifex Maximus.

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