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James Cook, was the first Englishman to claim easternAustralia as England's dominion, though he did not discover Australia. In 1770, Cook chartered the eastern coast of Australia, and on August 22, 1770, Cook named the eastern coast of Australia, "New South Wales", and claimed the area as England's possession.

However, Cook was by no means the first Englishman to set foot on Australia's shores. English pirate William Dampier had charted parts of the northwestern coast and recorded observations of the area in 1688 and again in 1699. It was his damning report of the countryside and the indigenous people that kept England away for the next 70 years.

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