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Probably the richest South Carolinian in Ante-Bellum South Carolina was John C Calhoun, who not only owned vast plantations in western South Carolina (Clemson University sits upon one of his plantations) but also extensive lands and even gold mines in neighboring Georgia. However Calhoun died a decade before the Civil War began. The richest South Carolinian when the War began in 1861 was probably Wade Hampton, who equipped an entire legion from his own pocket and made many contributions during the contest along with being a celebrated commander of cavalry. His reputation was so great in the state that he led forces against reconstruction and became the first post Reconstruction Governor of the State of South Carolina.

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Q: Who was the richest man in pre civil war South Carolina?
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