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Who was the scientist who showed that alpha particles are helium nuclei?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoErnest Rutherford
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i Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was responsible for a remarkable series of discoveries in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics, he discovered alpha and beta rays, set forth the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei, he also postulated the nuclear structure of the atom. Experiments done in Rutherford's laboratory showed that when alpha particles are fired into gas atoms, a few are violently deflected, implying a dense, positively charged central region containing most of the atomic mass.
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Which observations helped Rutherford determine that atoms have tiny dense positively charged nuclei?
A+ answer: A few of the alpha particles in his expeirment were deflected from the gold foil at large angles. Scattering pattern of alpha particles 'shot' at a thin gold foil. Most went straight thru showing the nucleus was very small. Analysis of the scattering showed electrical repulsion, not that the particles actually hit the nucleus and bounced off.
What is Rutherford's experiment with gold foil and alpha particles?
The initial discovery of "Rutherford Scattering" was made by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909 when they performed the gold foil experiment under the direction of Rutherford, in which they fired a beam of alpha particles (helium nuclei) at layers of gold leaf only a few atoms thick. The intriguing results showed that around 1 in 8000 alpha particles were deflected by very large angles (over 90°), while the rest passed straight through with little or no deflection. From this, Rutherford concluded that the majority of the mass was concentrated in a minute, positively charged region (the nucleus) surrounded by electrons. When a (positive) alpha particle approached sufficiently close to the nucleus, it was repelled strongly enough to rebound at high angles. The small size of the nucleus explained the small number of alpha particles that were repelled in this way.
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