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How was Persia able to defeat Athens in the Pelopnnesian War?
The 27-year Peloponnesian War was between Athens and its empire, and the Peloponnesian League of Greek city-states led by Sparta. The Persians intervened late in the war by giving the Peloponnesians the money to get a fleet able to stand up to the hitherto dominant Athenian fleet, so causing Athens to lose the war.
What was an advantage of Sparta during the Polynesian war?
In the 4th Century BC/BCE, Sparta's victory over Athens in the thirty-year-long Peloponnesian War may be attributed to several factors. One of the most important was the ability of Sparta to persist through numerous adversities, while its diplomatic skills was also one of the key factors. Just as important was the unwillingness of Athens to compromise on complete victory: given several chances to end the war with partial victory in hand, it chose instead to pursue (pridefully, as it were) an even greater prize.
What were the major factors that provoked the Peloponnesian War?
Athens led the anti-Persian league of a couple of hundred Greek city-states - the Delian League - levying financial contributions to maintain the fleet it provided as its core. After peace was arranged with the Persian Empire, Athens continued the levy, by force if necessary, and spent the money on itself, creating an empire of its own. It used its power and money to interfere in the affairs of Greek cites outside its empire, and so came into collision with the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. This war spread well beyond mainland Greece to Asia Minor in the east and Sicily in the west, which stopped an early resolution as Sparta had expected. It came to an end when Persia got back at Athens by financing a Peloponnesian fleet to match Athens' fleet, which was defeated, and Athens, isolated and starving had to surrender. Athens was stripped of it's empire and thereafter became a second rate power.
Why might it be said that all Greeks were losers in the peloponnesian war?
It was a war between leagues of Greek city-states, the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta versus Athens and its empire the Delian League. Athens lost after its naval supremacy was undermined by the Persian Empire providing the funds to the Peloponnesians to build a competitive fleet. Athens was defeated in the sea battle of Aigospotamai, its city besieged and starved into submission.
What were the geographic challenges in ancient Greece?
A geographic problem to one side is usually a geographic advantage to another.As the Greek world comprised of city-states situated in the littoral of the Mediterranean Sea, and the Athenian side had an unmistakable superiority in warships, this amphibious threat swung things against the Spartan alliance.The Spartan allliance's superiority on land was nullified by the walls of Athens and its port, and by its inability to project that land power beyond mainland Greece in the face of a waiting Athenian navy, which was financed by tribute from its empire.Athens went to war on this basis, but became too adventurous in trying to reach out to Sicily, where it suffered heavy but not fatal losses. Otherwise it worked well enough until Persia provided the funds for the Spartan alliance to field a navy matching the Athenian fleet.After its navy was defeated, Athens could not collect contributions to build and man another fleet, geography turned against it. Athens, shorn of its empire, became a single beseiged city with no chance of support from its few remaining overseas allies.
Who was winning peloponnesian war in the beginning?
It was a standoff - Athens was dominant at sea and the Peloponnesians on land.
What countries were involved in the thermopylae battle?
The Battle of Thermopylae - Order of battle : Spartans 300 Lacedaemonians/Perioeci 900 Spartan helots 900 Mantineans 500 (other Peloponnesians sent with Leonidas) Tegeans 500 Arcadian Orchomenos 120 Other Arcadians 1,000 Corinthians 400 Phlians 200 Mycenaeans 80 Total Peloponnesians 3,100 Thespians (The Sacred Band) 700 Malians - 1,000 Thebans 400 400 Phocians 1,000 1,000 Opuntian Locrians [Numbers subject to revision.]
What caued the peloponnesian war?
After the persian wars, athens used the anti-Persian league to further its own interests, interfering in the affairs of other Greek cities. A Peloponnesian Leage was formed to oppose it. Athens persisted in trying to dominate, the Peloponnesians resisted, and war ensued.
How did pericles persuade Athens to go to war?
He told them that Athens and its empire was stronger than the Peloponnesian League. While Athens had plenty of money from its empire, the Peloponnesians had no such east money to finance a war; the Athenian navy was stronger - the Peloponnesians were farmers, not sailors; that Athens' fortifications were impregnable to land attack; and Athens' fleet was capable of invading the Peloponnesian cities while the home city was safe. With this balance of power in Athens' favour, he told them to reject the Spartan ultimatum to lift the Athenian sanctions on Megara and accept war. Neither side foresaw more than a dispute to be resolved by a battle or two, not the devastating 27-year war which ensued.
What were Peloponnesians main weapons?
The armoured warriors (hoplites) wore defensive armour of helmet, shield, breastplate and greaves. They carried spear, sword, dagger and perhaps darts. Light infantry were unarmoured - they may have had a light shield if they were lucky, and used a variety of weapons - bows, javelins, knives, a variety of missiles - arrows, darts, rocks.
How was Persia able to defeat Athens in the Pelopnnesian War?
The 27-year Peloponnesian War was between Athens and its empire, and the Peloponnesian League of Greek city-states led by Sparta. The Persians intervened late in the war by giving the Peloponnesians the money to get a fleet able to stand up to the hitherto dominant Athenian fleet, so causing Athens to lose the war.
What was an advantage of Sparta during the Polynesian war?
In the 4th Century BC/BCE, Sparta's victory over Athens in the thirty-year-long Peloponnesian War may be attributed to several factors. One of the most important was the ability of Sparta to persist through numerous adversities, while its diplomatic skills was also one of the key factors. Just as important was the unwillingness of Athens to compromise on complete victory: given several chances to end the war with partial victory in hand, it chose instead to pursue (pridefully, as it were) an even greater prize.
What is Darius famous for?
Ruling the Persian Empire in a responsible way. He was king of Persia for most of the period of the Peloponnesian War which occurred between the Greek city-states, and in the latter stage gave financial support to the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta against the Athenian empire, which enabled the Peloponnesians to get a fleet which could overcome the hitherto invincible Athenian one, and win the war.
What were the major factors that provoked the Peloponnesian War?
Athens led the anti-Persian league of a couple of hundred Greek city-states - the Delian League - levying financial contributions to maintain the fleet it provided as its core. After peace was arranged with the Persian Empire, Athens continued the levy, by force if necessary, and spent the money on itself, creating an empire of its own. It used its power and money to interfere in the affairs of Greek cites outside its empire, and so came into collision with the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. This war spread well beyond mainland Greece to Asia Minor in the east and Sicily in the west, which stopped an early resolution as Sparta had expected. It came to an end when Persia got back at Athens by financing a Peloponnesian fleet to match Athens' fleet, which was defeated, and Athens, isolated and starving had to surrender. Athens was stripped of it's empire and thereafter became a second rate power.
Why might it be said that all Greeks were losers in the peloponnesian war?
It was a war between leagues of Greek city-states, the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta versus Athens and its empire the Delian League. Athens lost after its naval supremacy was undermined by the Persian Empire providing the funds to the Peloponnesians to build a competitive fleet. Athens was defeated in the sea battle of Aigospotamai, its city besieged and starved into submission.
What long term effect did the Persian war have on ancient Greece?
It established Peraia as a bogeyman, and eventually when the Persian Empire was conquered by Macedonia, Alexander the Great incorporated a veneer of Greek culture into them. Much of the Greek population entered into the service of Alexander's successors in the Greek kingdoms they established in Asia and Egypt, leaving mainland Greece underpopulated and a target in the rise of Roman Empire.Persia agreed not to further interfere in the Greek cities in Asia Minor and the Islands. Athens turned the Delian League which had opposed the Persian Empire into an empire of it own. When Athens became embroiled in the Peloponnesian War against the Peloponnesian League, Persia had its revenge by helping the Peloponnesians led by Sparta to defeat Athens and strip it of its empire.
Which group of people resented Athens' growing power after winning the second Persian War?
The anti-Persian (Delian) League which it led resented Athens continuing to levy the contributions to the League and using them to pay for the glorification of Athens (Parthenon etc) and putting half its citzens on the public payroll. They also resented Athens collecting these contributions by force using the money to pay for the Athenian navy which extorted the money from them. The Peloponnesian League led by Sparta resented Athens using this naval power to interfere in the affairs of the cities of their League. The Persians temporarily resented their defeat, and when the Athenian league came to war with the Peloponnesian League, eventually supplied the Peloponnesians with the money to fund a fleet to match the Athenians, resulting in Athens losing the war and being stripped of the empire it had turned the Delian League into.
