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The samurai-also known as bushi-were members of the warrior class who served under the landholder elite in feudal Japan from the 10th century to the 19th century.

The first samurai were young members of the aristocracy who were proficient in Martial Arts. Privately trained and equipped, these professional soldiers served as imperial guards or were employed by diamyo ("large landowners").

The beginning of the Kamakura shogunate ("a shogun's government") in 13th century Japan initiated change in samurai culture. The military-minded government instituted a new class of shogunal servant. This new class thrust samurai above the aristocracy. Protected and revered, the new samurai class adopted art traditions revolving around Zen Buddhism: the tea ceremony, poetry, Flower Arranging, painting, dance and Go.

During the Tokugawa Period (1603-1867) the samurai gradually lost military relevance, becoming civil bureaucrats. At the end of the Tokugawa Period, with the abolishment of feudalism, the reign of samurai in Japan was officially over.Some former samurai led rebellions in the 1870's but these were put down by the Japanese army.

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