The Catholic Church held that the Earth was the center of the universe and all other planets and the sun revolved around the Earth. They did put to death those who insisted otherwise.
Claudius Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy
Ptolemy's geocentric model was used for over 1500 years.
The Ptolemaic theory (geocentric) put forth by Claudius Ptolemy (100-170 AD) was based partly on the work of Aristotle. It was replaced by the Copernican theory (heliocentric) beginning around 1400 AD.
The people of ancient Greece and Ptolemy (The Greeks)
The geocentric model, also known as the Ptolemaic system, held for over a thousand years. It was standardized by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy. Based on his model, the Earth was at the center of the universe and the sun and planets revolved around it. It was the accepted model up until the 1500's when Copernicus put forth is heliocentric model, one that placed the sun at the center and the planets in orbit or it.
the people of ancient Greece, and Ptolemy (The Greeks)
Stephen Hawking does (not did, for he is still alive) believe in the heliocentric model of the solar system. No scientist has seriously considered the geocentric model for centuries.
Why Banks are institutions whose debts are accepted as payment of other people'liabilities?
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Johannes Kepler whose new theory was published in 1609.
It is generally accepted that the main characteristic of any science, which distinguishes it from other forms of knowledge, is falsifiability. For any scientific theory it must be possible to make predictions that can be tested. Unfortunately, this requirement means that any non-trivial mathematical system cannot be part of science. Kurt Godel proved that any mathematical system that was worth having had to include statements whose truth or falsehood could not be proven without appealing to a more sophisticated system. But then that system contained statements whose truth value could not be ascertained ... and so on.