Mostly a historic artifact. When AT&T controlled the industry and use devices like Strowger Switches, other electromechanical devices and large battery backup system it was likely the best tradeoff decided on by the engineers.
To calculate the current draw in amps for a 48-watt LED light at 12 volts, you can use the formula: Amps = Watts / Volts. So, 48 watts / 12 volts equals 4 amps. Therefore, a 48-watt LED light at 12 volts draws 4 amps.
You need to divide the 48 volts by the voltage produced by a single battery.
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48 VOLTS
If a 48 Volt club car electric motor requires 48 volts, then it should be given a 48 volt power source, or something close to it. Too many more volts and it may burn out; not enough volts and it may not run or it will try to draw too much power and burn out the power supply.
A lot of commercial telecommunications equipment runs on 48 volts. There are also relays that use 48 volts. I'm sure there are many other uses for this. I'm not aware of any in a typical house, if that's what you're looking for. Perhaps certain water softeners, sprinkler systems, etc. run on 48, but the ones I've seen usually run on 12.
Lead-Acid cells are generally considered to deliver 2 volts, so you'd need 24 cells to get 48 volt. Easiest way of doing that would be to use two 24V batteries as used in truck and heavy vehicles.
If you have a 48 volt system, you link 4 batteries of 12 volts to get 48 volts. You do that because it is extremely easy to get 4 batteries of 12 volts. It is extremely difficult to find a store that sells a 48 volt battery. Most people with battery problems would prefer to simply replace the batteries and be on their way rather than stay in a motel and then pay overnight shipping fees to have a particular battery shipped from a particular warehouse.
48 volts is a convenient safe voltage to use, and telephone systems use a positive earth connection to minimise electroytic damage ot cables.
The voltage of a standard telephone socket typically carries around 48 volts DC when the line is idle. During a phone call, this voltage can drop to about 6-12 volts AC due to the conversation's signal. The system is designed for low voltage to ensure safety and compatibility with telephone devices.
The 36 volt motor will over heat (depending on the load of the motor)on 48 volts and melt the copper inside the motor you can rewind the copper inside to cope with the extra 12 volts.My answer would be not to try it as i have and it totaly melted the copper inside.
All telephone exchanges use -48V DC Power supply. The negative potential is used to prevent electrolysis deposition at Battery terminals. Telephone normally work with about 30ma current driving a line impedence of about 1600 ohms (to drive about 5KM distance). Hence 30ma*1600 ohms=48 volts.