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The Sun is fairly round, so you can apply the formula for a sphere. The circumference is simply the diameter multiplied by pi. The radius of the sun is estimated to be about 432,450 miles, so the diameter is about 864,900 miles. That suggests a circumference of about 2,717,161 miles (2.7 million miles). But since the sun is a ball of gas, there is no definite solid surface to measure. Astronomers have to use an estimate based on their estimate of where the properties of the gases schange significantly enough to be considered a "surface."
The Sun does not have a surface as we know it, but a photosphere which is the visible surface of the Sun.
The ball would travel in a straight line until it hit some planet, star, black hole, asteroid or comet, which could take billions of years.
There is a very easy analogy for how gravity works. Everything in the universe takes place within spacetime. Imagine spacetime as a trampoline. Where mass exists, spacetime becomes curved, just like a trampoline would become curved if one were to place a bowling ball on it. We as people fall down the curves made in spacetime, but the earth keeps us from falling any further, thus we are stuck to its surface. If one were to put a ping-pong ball on the trampoline, it would fall down the curve made by the bowling ball. It would stop once it hit the bowling ball, and be stuck to its surface. There are a few subtleties to this model that keep it from working perfectly, but this is basically how gravity works.
Gravitational pull provides weight to each object. This pull is from the center of the earth which is 6378 km from the surface. To decrease your weight by half, one needs to travel another 2641.9 km from the surface.
Yes. The viscosity, smoothness, slant, hardness and other factors of the surface would affect the distance a ball would travel. For example, a ball will travel much farther down a wet aluminum slide than up a sand dune.
very far
a ball would roll better on one surface vs the other because one surface may have more friction the the other surface. For example a smooth surface like a polished wooden floor would have a ball roll better than a carpet where the hairs are stopping the progression of the ball.
Neptune'sTopography, well since Neptune is just a giant ball of water, there really isn't a surface, once you would enter Neptune, you would go through miles of clouds to reach the surface, which would really be the Core of the planet
it will leave the surface of the other ball roughly 1/4 of the way down to the other end.
travel horizontally
It does because when the ball hits the surface and the surface magnified would look rugged anyways when the ball hits the surface the friction pulls on the ball causind it to slow down and if you roll a brick down a hill you will find it will stop easier than a ball smooth surface
yes or the ball would not move
no
The factors to consider here would be: 1) The surface texture of the ball, in other words, is it smooth or rough or dimpled like a golf ball? Drag is produced by the water passing over the ball's surface. 2) The material making up the ball's surface can be attractive or repellent to water molecules. Presumably a ball with an oily surface would spin better though I've never experimented.
that is a travel
Assuming a human body in motorcycle leathers, a dry and flat road surface, and instantaneous stopping of the earth: about 10 miles. Then the wind would pick up and move it a lot farther. If the body is some kind of giant bowling ball, I have no idea how far it would go.