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In covalent bonds, two atoms share electrons. Since atoms are unstable when they do not have enough electrons in their valence shell, and neither have enough in their valence shell (since they are sharing the electrons), covalent bonds are usually unstable.

Well this is a strange question. What is meant by unstable? Is it reactivity? Yes many compounds are unstable, but many such as H2O, H2 are very stable. H2 is reactive with oxygen- because the formation of H2O from O2 and H2 releases energy. However without external influences e.g radiation, other reactive species (like O2) , H2 is extremely stable.

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Q: Why are most covalent bonds unstable?
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