Why are mountains cooler if thay are cose to the sun?

Answer 1

The mountains are cooler because the earth absorbs an amount of sun's heat.
Plus in the group of layers which are called the ionosphere, the sun's heat is absorbed as only the light gases or heated gases are present in that area. Therefore the temperature in the ionosphere reaches 1650 degrees centigrades in the 240 km area (the ionosphere goes on till above 600km).

As we lower down towards earth the temperature decreases, and as the access heat is sent by earth the coolest place is the meeting of stratosphere and troposphere at the height of 11000 meters (11kms) approximately.

So, actually the areas near to the sun do get hot, but till the time it reaches the mountains it gets cooler, and even earth absorbs heat due to which the mountains get cooler.

The pattern of heat is like this:
keys- H-hot, C-cold
H
C
H