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Concrete (like stone) is very strong in compression but breaks almost instantly in tension. It is also weak in response to side forces and twisting forces.

Steel bars are very strong in tension but crumple and fold instantly in compression.

By putting steel reinforcement bars in concrete and pretensioning the bars before the concrete hardens creates a composite material that is strong in both compression and tension (with each material supporting the other) and also improves the response to side forces and twisting forces.

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