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So they could bond together

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Q: Why are the guanine and cytosine nucleotides different shapes?
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How are the four nucleotides different?

A nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase (nitrogenous base), a five-carbon sugar , and one phosphate group.They differ in their nitrogenous bases - they can either contain a purine(big) or a pyrimidine(small) base. In DNA, the purine bases are adenine and guanine, while the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. RNA uses uracil in place of thymine


Why isn't it possible for adenine to pair up with guanine or cytosine?

Lets look at it this way: Thymine and adenine are pieces of a jigsaw puzzle that matches. Cytosine and Guanine are also pieces of jigsaw puzzle that matches. A cytosine cannot match with thymine because the shape of cytosine will only match with the shape of a guanine. To look at it in another way: Thymine(uracil in RNA) and cytosine are pyrimidines. Pyrimidines are single-ringed organic base that will only attach to purines, or adenine and guanine by hydrogen bond. Because cytosine and thymine are both pyrimidines, it cannot form a hydrogen bond with each other.


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