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Why are the same restriction enzyme must used to extract the gene and open the loop of DNA in the bacterium?
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What molecules are used to extract the gene of interest and recombine the DNA?
restriction enzyme
Scientist wants to insert a new gene into a bacterium. What is the first step in this process?
Cutting the gene out of DNA with enzymes - gradpoint
What is the process of analyzing the unique pattern of DNA fragments resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage called?
it is either gene splicing or genetic engineering.
What happens when a restriction enzyme is used on DNA?
when restriction enzyme is use on DNA basically it just first losen up the DNA, usally DNA is coiled, and so the restriction enzyme jsut breka the DNA and leave a sticky end, so that it can be put back together, the cell have to be able to do that because in nature, that's the way for cell to stop protein production and the cell still need that gene
Which Restriction enzyme are studied in Recombinant DNA Technology?
It's not the restriction enzymes that are studied, its the DNA. The enzyme cuts or "restricts" the DNA strand at a known sequence of nucleotides. Different enzyme, different sequence. For a Biomanufacturing application, where we want to insert foreign DNA, the gene of interest is cut and spliced with a restriction enzyme into a recombinant plasmid, transformed into a bacteria, and sent merrily on it's way to make Insulin, or whatever. With an unknown piece of DNA (a functional gene that makes a protein of interest or is being studied), the plasmid has "restriction sites" or nucleotide sequences, for several restriction enzymes, all of which I have mapped out. The unknown piece of DNA is cut at each end by a single restriction enzyme and inserted into the plasmid, which gives me some landmarks. I insert the plasmid into a bacteria, grow a culture so the bacteria makes many millions of copies of the plasmid, extract the plasmid, and run an experiment called a restriction digest. The restriction digests are a series of reaction with single enzyme and combinations of two and three enzymes, all cutting the plasmid at different nucleotide sequences. Then I run an agarose gel electrophoresis, which separates all the different pieces of DNA by size, and do an analysis called a Restriction Map. This counts the DNA fragments and their sizes, which enzyme and combination of enzymes produced which sizes and how many fragments, which enzyme cuts where, which cuts were definitely in the known part of the plasmid, which were probably in the unknown DNA, adding up nucleotide sequence numbers to make sure different mapping guesses agree, etcetera, etcetera, and so forth. Until at last, a map of the size and restriction sites of the unknown DNA insert into the known plasmid vector is deduced. This used to be done by hand, but there are computer programs that do it now. This is Research, the Technology is down the line a few steps when the gene has been characterized, the protein produced has been characterized, the trials are done, and the restriction enzyme to insert the gene into the bacteria for Bioman has been established
What molecules are used to extract the gene of interest and recombine the DNA?
restriction enzyme
Scientist wants to insert a new gene into a bacterium. What is the first step in this process?
Cutting the gene out of DNA with enzymes - gradpoint
Why must you use an enzyme that will not cut anywhere within the gene that you are inserting into a plasmid?
If you are trying to take a gene from a DNA strand and put insert it into a plasmid, you wouldn't want a restriction enzyme to cut that gene up, or else it would be pretty useless. In other words, you need an enzyme or two that cuts outside that gene so that it can be functional after it's inserted into a plasmid. After your gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid, the plasmid can be put back into a bacterium, then you could genetically engineer plants with it or let the bacterium reproduce and produce many copies of a protein that you had wanted to make in the first place.
How could you use genetic engineering techniques to make transformed bacteria that produce the enzyme?
Extract DNA from the cells of people who can make the digestion enzyme. Cut the DNA with restriction enzymes to cut out the gene that codes for the enzyme. Use gel electrophoresis to locate the gene. Then, use polymerase chain reaction to make copies of the gene. Choose a plasmid that has an antibiotic-resistance genetic marker, and cut the plasmid with the smae restriction enzyme use to cut out the hyman gene. Insert the copies of the human gene into the plasmids. Allow bacterial cells to take in the plasmids. Select for transformed bacteria by growing them in a culture containing the antibiotic. These bacteria will make the digestion enzyme.
How you clone a gene using cosmid as a vector?
The first step is restriction of the cosmid and the foreign DNA with the restriction enzyme, then ligating the fragments together. Thereafter, the cosmids are loaded into the phage capsid, which leads to the expression of the foreign gene through transduction.
How is the action of a restriction enzyme changes when a mutation occurs in a DNA base sequence?
A restriction enzyme works by locating ends of very shorts strands of nucleotides, so in a way it is impossible to create a mutation that renders a restriction enzyme completely useless. Although if many mutations occur in an important part of a gene the host cell may be saved. The restriction enzyme will not change (unless the gene that created it was mutated itself), but it is nigh impossible to render them useless as they cut 4-6 base pair combinations at a time. If there were a completely alien bacteria that had no combination sequence that fits the enzyme's needs, it would as I said before render them completely useless. For any real change to occur you have to have the gene either evolve or mutate.
How do you isolate the gene in genetic engineering?
You isolate the gene in genetic engineering by first locating the gene you wish to be isolated. Then you use a restrictive enzyme to isolate it, and lastly take the gene out
What is the process of analyzing the unique pattern of DNA fragments resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage called?
it is either gene splicing or genetic engineering.
What happens when a restriction enzyme is used on DNA?
when restriction enzyme is use on DNA basically it just first losen up the DNA, usally DNA is coiled, and so the restriction enzyme jsut breka the DNA and leave a sticky end, so that it can be put back together, the cell have to be able to do that because in nature, that's the way for cell to stop protein production and the cell still need that gene
Which Restriction enzyme are studied in Recombinant DNA Technology?
It's not the restriction enzymes that are studied, its the DNA. The enzyme cuts or "restricts" the DNA strand at a known sequence of nucleotides. Different enzyme, different sequence. For a Biomanufacturing application, where we want to insert foreign DNA, the gene of interest is cut and spliced with a restriction enzyme into a recombinant plasmid, transformed into a bacteria, and sent merrily on it's way to make Insulin, or whatever. With an unknown piece of DNA (a functional gene that makes a protein of interest or is being studied), the plasmid has "restriction sites" or nucleotide sequences, for several restriction enzymes, all of which I have mapped out. The unknown piece of DNA is cut at each end by a single restriction enzyme and inserted into the plasmid, which gives me some landmarks. I insert the plasmid into a bacteria, grow a culture so the bacteria makes many millions of copies of the plasmid, extract the plasmid, and run an experiment called a restriction digest. The restriction digests are a series of reaction with single enzyme and combinations of two and three enzymes, all cutting the plasmid at different nucleotide sequences. Then I run an agarose gel electrophoresis, which separates all the different pieces of DNA by size, and do an analysis called a Restriction Map. This counts the DNA fragments and their sizes, which enzyme and combination of enzymes produced which sizes and how many fragments, which enzyme cuts where, which cuts were definitely in the known part of the plasmid, which were probably in the unknown DNA, adding up nucleotide sequence numbers to make sure different mapping guesses agree, etcetera, etcetera, and so forth. Until at last, a map of the size and restriction sites of the unknown DNA insert into the known plasmid vector is deduced. This used to be done by hand, but there are computer programs that do it now. This is Research, the Technology is down the line a few steps when the gene has been characterized, the protein produced has been characterized, the trials are done, and the restriction enzyme to insert the gene into the bacteria for Bioman has been established
To produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin what step did researchers have to take first?
Use a restriction enzyme to cut the insulin gene from human DNA. 5175286717
What is the role of Cloning Vector in recombinant DNA technology?
The desired gene is cut from its original DNA by using restriction enzyme. The vector (plasmid) is also cut with the same restriction enzyme so that both the vector and the desired gene have the same sticky end. They are bonded together by DNA ligase. Why desired gene are cloned into vector? This is because vector have the ability to reproduce by itself and at the same time carry the desired gene together; in another word, it can replicated the desired gene in the host cell.
