A data bus is bidirectional because the processor needs it to both read and write. Also, in the case of the 4004, the data bus was tri-multiplexed with the 12 bit address bus and the 8 bit opcode bus.
A data should be either WRITTEN to a memory or should be READ from a memory (both direction)and so the data bus is bidirectional.
A bus in this context is a data route which can carry data in both directions.
because it has four internal register and four external data bus
The control bus is a unidirectional bus because it can receive the data from any kind of inputs and send back the output. This whole process is done by the data buses.
In November, 1971, a company called Intel publicly introduced the world's first single chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (U.S. Patent #3,821,715), invented by Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stan Mazor.
So that the processor can both read and write data.
since data can be read /write from/to the microprocessor, hence data bus is bidirectional. if data is required read from microprocessor then it will be pointing to a memory location by the address bus, by indicating which location data its required to read. similarly to write a data to a location, again the microprocessor will be to that particular location by holding that address in address bus. hence it will be unidirectional.
The data bus is used to read or write (hence bi-directional) to the data location selected by the address written on the address bus. You only need to write (one-way) to the address bus to select the data location. It does not make sense to read from the address bus.
64 bits
in Intel core 2 duo address bus is 32 and data bus is also 32 see it in file:///C:/Users/chethan/Downloads/Today's%20Hotness%20%20The%20Core%202%20Duo%20%20%20Intel's%2015%20Most%20Unforgettable%20x86%20CPUs.htm
The address bus is unidirectional becos address information is always given by microprocessor to i/o devices. The data bus is bidirectional bcos it takes the data from other devices & also give the data to other i/o devices
Intel has released processor with a variety of bus / memory widths. The 386SX had a 16-bit data width, the 386DX and 486 had a 32-bit bus width, and the Pentium had a 64-bit data bus.