Why did Italy and Germany fail to develop government in the middle ages?

Answer 1

Answer:

Italy and Germany were not "countries" as such in the middle ages.

Germany was made up of large states like Bavaria or Prussia

Italy was mainly divided into city states, like Milan or Florence which controlled the area around the cities

Answer:

Italy and Germany both had governments in the Middle Ages. Neither had strong central governments, but for different reasons.

In Germany, there was a weak central government ruling a country usually called the Holy Roman Empire, but also called Germany. The emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was elected by a collage of seven electors and subsequently crowned by the pope. During the time between the election and the coronation, he was called King of Germany, and after the coronation, he was referred to as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The country was made up of hundreds of smaller territories, ranging in size from kingdoms down to counties and individual cities, each with its own local government, and most of the laws were local. There is a link below to an article on the Holy Roman Empire. There is also a link to a related question on why the Holy Roman Empire did not have a strong central government.

Italy had a number of independent countries, which varied with the passing of time. Italy was very much under the influence of the Byzantine Empire, the Kingdom of Lombardy, the Holy Roman Empire, the Normans, and even, for a relatively short while, Muslims, all of whom occupied parts of it at times. There were also independent republics in Italy, such as Venice and Genoa, which were often rivals of one another.

Answer 2

No country was unified in the Middle Ages because they were feudal states and ruled by the church and monarchies.